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Hyperhomocysteinemia, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and alcoholic liver injury

机译:高同型半胱氨酸血症,内质网应激和酒精性肝损伤

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摘要

Deficiencies in vitamins or other factors (B6, B12, folic acid, betaine) and genetic disorders for the metabolism of the non-protein amino acid-homocysteine (Hcy) lead to hyperhomocysteinemia (HHcy). HHcy is an integral component of several disorders including cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, diabetes and alcoholic liver disease. HHcy unleashes mediators of inflammation such as NFκB, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, increases production of intracellular superoxide anion causing oxidative stress and reducing intracellular level of nitric oxide (NO), and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress which can explain many processes of Hcy-promoted cell injury such as apoptosis, fat accumulation, and inflammation. Animal models have played an important role in determining the biological effects of HHcy. ER stress may also be involved in other liver diseases such as α_1-antitrypsin (α_1-AT) deficiency and hepatitis C and/or B virus infection. Future research should evaluate the possible potentiative effects of alcohol and hepatic virus infection on ER stress-induced liver injury, study potentially beneficial effects of lowering Hcy and preventing ER stress in alcoholic humans, and examine polymorphism of Hcy metabolizing enzymes as potential risk-factors for the development of HHcy and liver disease.
机译:维生素或其他因素(B6,B12,叶酸,甜菜碱)的缺乏和非蛋白质氨基酸-高半胱氨酸(Hcy)代谢的遗传疾病会导致高半胱氨酸血症(HHcy)。 HHcy是包括心血管疾病,神经退行性疾病,糖尿病和酒精性肝病在内的多种疾病不可或缺的组成部分。 HHcy释放诸如NFκB,IL-1β,IL-6和IL-8等炎症介质,增加细胞内超氧阴离子的产生,从而引起氧化应激并降低细胞内一氧化氮(NO)的水平,并诱导内质网(ER)应激这可以解释Hcy促进的细胞损伤的许多过程,例如细胞凋亡,脂肪堆积和炎症。动物模型在确定HHcy的生物学效应中发挥了重要作用。内质网应激也可能与其他肝脏疾病有关,例如α_1-抗胰蛋白酶(α_1-AT)缺乏症和丙型和/或乙型肝炎病毒感染。未来的研究应该评估酒精和肝病毒感染对内质网应激引起的肝损伤的可能的增强作用,研究降低酒精中Hcy和预防内质网应激的潜在有益作用,并检查Hcy代谢酶的多态性是潜在的危险因素。 HHcy和肝脏疾病的发展。

著录项

  • 来源
    《World Journal of Gastroenterology》 |2004年第12期|p.1699-1708|共10页
  • 作者

    Cheng Ji; Neil Kaplowitz;

  • 作者单位

    Faculty of Medicine, Gastroenterology/Liver Division, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, HMR-101, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 消化系及腹部疾病;
  • 关键词

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