К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОТЕРЬ НА ВИХРЕВЫЕ ТОКИ В ПОСТОЯННЫХ МАГНИТАХ ВЫСОКООБОРОТНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

Исмагилов Ф.Р.; Вавилов В.Е.

摘要

Исследованы потери на вихревые токи в постоянных магнитах высокооборотных электромеханических преобразователей энергии. Отдельно рассмотрены потери, обусловленные временными и пространственными гармониками. Произведена их численная оценка и описаны методы их минимизации.%The industry demand for high-speed electric motors with rotation frequency of 48,000 rpm to 120,000 rpm and power of 5 to 250 kW increases from year to year. A number of technological problems exists herewith, which retards the high-speed electric motors market growth. These problems relate to the issues of their output voltage stabilization, which are solved by employing static converter, stator back magnetizing, or rectifier; ensuring bearing assembly reliability, which are solved by employing non-contact bearing assembly, as well as the problems of rotor heat evolution reduction. The latter are stipulated by the complexity of fast-rotating rotor's cooling. To solve this problem, the article studies losses caused by eddy currents in permanent magnets of highspeed electromechanical energy converters. The eddy currents losses in permanent magnets and rotor retaining shell are generated by spatial harmonics caused by electric motor structural specifics, stator serration, windings diagram and distribution ratio, as well as temporal harmonics, stipulated by the external circuit, such as inverter. Moreover,with the improper selection of the electric motor parameters eddy current losses may lead to the permanent magnets overheating and their demagnetizing under the effect of this overheating. It is generally assumed, that the losses stipulated by temporal harmonics are higher than the losses caused by the spatial harmonics. This statement is valid only for a number of structural schemes of high-speed electric motors. For example, the electric motors with toothed windings feature significant spatial harmonics. And losses caused by these harmonics are higher than the losses caused by temporal harmonics. It is found that with rotation speed increasing the losses in permanent magnets have maximum point, after which they start decreasing. This is explained by the fact that with rotor rotational speed increase, the magnetic field penetration depth into the permanent magnet body and bandage reduces. Thus, the losses reduce either. The article shows also that the magnetic system does not exert a significant effect on the eddy current losses, created by spatial harmonics, in permanent magnets. The eddy currents losses in permanent magnets herewith may alter significantly due to load angle variation. The article individually considers the losses caused by temporal and space harmonics. It also presents their numerical evaluation and describes of their minimization techniques.

机译：研究了高速机电能量转换器中永磁体中的涡流损耗。由于时间和空间谐波而单独考虑的损耗。对它们进行了数值评估，并描述了使它们最小化的方法。％每年对高速电动机的工业需求在不断增长，旋转电动机的转速为48,000 rpm至120,000 rpm，功率为5至250 kW。因此存在许多技术问题，这些问题阻碍了高速电动机市场的增长。这些问题涉及其输出电压稳定的问题，可通过使用静态转换器，定子反激磁或整流器来解决。确保轴承组件的可靠性，这是通过采用非接触轴承组件解决的，并且还减少了转子发热的问题。后者是由快速旋转的转子冷却的复杂性规定的。为了解决这个问题，本文研究了由高速机电能量转换器的永磁体中的涡流引起的损耗。永磁体和转子固定壳中的涡流损耗是由电动机结构规格，定子锯齿，绕组图和分配比以及外部谐波（例如逆变器）规定的时间谐波引起的空间谐波引起的。此外，由于不正确地选择电动机参数，涡流损耗可能导致永磁体过热，并且在这种过热的影响下它们会消磁。通常认为，由时间谐波引起的损耗高于由空间谐波引起的损耗。该声明仅对许多高速电动机的结构方案有效。例如，带有齿形绕组的电动机具有明显的空间谐波。并且，由这些谐波引起的损耗高于由时间谐波引起的损耗。发现随着转速的增加，永磁体中的损耗达到最大点，此后它们开始减小。这可以通过以下事实来解释：随着转子转速的增加，进入永磁体和绷带的磁场渗透深度减小。因此，损耗都减少了。该文章还表明，磁系统对永磁体中由空间谐波产生的涡流损耗没有显着影响。由于负载角的变化，永磁体中的涡流损耗可能因此而显着改变。本文单独考虑了由时间和空间谐波引起的损耗。它还介绍了其数值评估并描述了其最小化技术。

К ВОПРОСУ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ПОТЕРЬ НА ВИХРЕВЫЕ ТОКИ В ПОСТОЯННЫХ МАГНИТАХ ВЫСОКООБОРОТНЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОМЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЕЙ ЭНЕРГИИ

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