РАЗРАБОТКА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ТЕРМОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ МАЛОЙ ТЯГИ НА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТОМ МОНОТОПЛИВЕ

Гоза Д.А.

摘要

"Green fuel" is an aqueous solution of a high-energy oxidizer (hydroxylammonium nitrate and others), and a fuel, presented by various substances, such as alcohols, glycerin, etc. It offers a number of advantages, namely, a higher density, low freezing temperature and high specific characteristics. Such mixtures relate to low-toxic substances, whereas hydrazine is a high-toxic substance. Thus, the "green fuel" mixture implementation as a monopropellant for an aircraft correction and orientation thermocathalytic thrusters is up-to-date issue. Hydroxylammonium nitrate was selected as a basis for the "green fuel", to which a fuel and dissolvent (water) are added in calculated ratio. The energetic qualities of the fuel depend on its basis, though its output characteristics are strongly affected by the water content in the mixture. The laboratory model consists of a heater for the structure's starting warm-up of the, combustion chamber from refractory metal with a special protective coating, catalytic bed, consisted of a combination of metallic and granulated catalysts, an injector unit ensuring operating pressure differential, and a system of thermal screens. The laboratory model presents a disassembling model to monitor separate elements of the structure. Besides, such model allows quick replacement of the thruster elements, such as the catalyst bed. The laboratory model was tested in air under normal climatic conditions. The thruster was tested on firing functioning both in impulse and continuous operating modes. The tests of the thrusters were conducted in continuous modes at the inlet's dropping pressure. It is worth mentioning that with the inlet's pressure decrease, the pressure in the combustion chamber decreases proportionally, which demonstrates the stability of the thruster operation. The K100E laboratory model maximum run amounted to 1.5 kg of consumed fuel over 1500 startups. The main reason for the thruster's failure relates to the tests conduction in atmospheric conditions, namely to the oxidizing and destruction of separate parts of the laboratory model (heater, screens) under higher operating temperatures.%Представлены результаты разработки лабораторной модели перспективного термокаталитического двигателя малой тяги на экологически чистом монотопливе. Определены основные конструктивные параметры лабораторной модели, такие, как камера сгорания, каталитический пакет, система узла впрыска. Проведено исследование влияния выбора каталитического пакета лабораторной модели двигателя на стабильность функционирования изделия при огневых испытаниях.

机译：“绿色燃料”是高能氧化剂（硝酸硝酸羟基铵等）的水溶液，是一种由多种物质（例如醇，甘油等）提供的燃料。它具有许多优点，即密度高，冷冻温度低，比特性高。这样的混合物涉及低毒物质，而肼是高毒物质。因此，作为飞机校正和定向热催化推进器的单推进剂的“绿色燃料”混合物实现是最新的问题。选择硝酸羟基铵作为“绿色燃料”的基础，以计算的比例向其中添加燃料和溶剂（水）。燃料的能量品质取决于其基础，尽管其输出特性受混合物中水含量的强烈影响。实验室模型包括一个加热器，用于对结构进行启动的加热；燃烧室由具有特殊保护涂层的难熔金属制成；催化床，由金属和颗粒状催化剂的组合组成；注射器单元确保工作压力差；以及热屏系统。实验室模型提供了一个分解模型来监视结构的各个元素。此外，这种模型允许快速更换推进器元件，例如催化剂床。在正常气候条件下在空气中测试了实验室模型。对推进器进行了脉冲和连续运行模式下的击发功能测试。推进器的测试是在入口的下降压力下以连续模式进行的。值得一提的是，随着进气口压力的降低，燃烧室中的压力成比例地降低，这证明了推进器运行的稳定性。 K100E实验室模型在1500次启动中的最大运行量为消耗了1.5千克燃料。对推进器的故障的主要原因涉及测试传导大气条件，即在较高的工作温度。％Представленырезультатыразработкилабораторноймоделиперспективноготермокаталитическогодвигателямалойтяги氧化剂和的实验室模型的独立的部分（加热器，屏幕）的破坏наэкологическичистоммонотопливе。 Определеныосновныеконструктивныепараметрылабораторноймодели， Проведеноисследованиевлияниявыборакаталитическогопакеталабораторноймоделидвигателянастабильностьфункционированияизделияприогневыхиспытаниях。

РАЗРАБОТКА И ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЛАБОРАТОРНОЙ МОДЕЛИ ТЕРМОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКОГО ДВИГАТЕЛЯ МАЛОЙ ТЯГИ НА ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИ ЧИСТОМ МОНОТОПЛИВЕ

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