【24h】

LES CORAUX ET LEUR COMMERCE

机译:珊瑚及其贸易

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           

摘要

Le commerce des coraux actuels représente une forte exploitation de matériel biologique et constitue une activité hautement lucrative. Sous le vocable corail sont regroupés différents animaux appartenant à l'embranchement des Cnidaires. Corail rouge et autres espèces de Corallium, corail orgue, coraux mous, corail bleu, scléractiniaires ou madrépores, coraux noirs, coraux de feu, coraux dentelle, ainsi qu'à tort certaines gorgones Melithaeidae parfois confondues avec le corail rouge, tous sont exploités, à des degrés différents et pour des finalités diverses (joaillerie, aquariophilie, bibeloterie, agriculture, construction, chirurgie). Le commerce des scléractiniaires est de loin le plus important en quantité et le mieux suivi de tous. Onze à douze millions de spécimens sont notamment destinés chaque année a l'aquariophilie.%The trade in Recent corals represents an important harvest of biological materials and is a highly lucrative activity. The designation corals comprises different groups of animals belonging to the phylum Cnidaria. Members of these groups are subject to coral trade. The red coral, Corallium rubrum, has been harvested for the jewellery trade for more than 2000 years. Italy, Spain, Tunisia, Morocco, Algeria and to a lesser extent France and Monaco, exploit this resource, which is essentially limited to the western Mediterranean sea. Other species of Corallium are collected for jewellery and ornamental industries in Asia, Hawaii and Japan in particular. Scleractinians, previously called madrepores, represent the most important coral trade, ranging between 11 and 12 million live pieces per year. After 1993, Indonesia became the leading exporter, taking over from the Philippines. Since 2003, new archipelagos in the central Pacific such as Fiji, Solomon Islands and Vanuatu have ventured into the market for corals. Target markets are mostly the United States, Europe and Japan for trade in aquarium specimens and ornaments. Pressure on the few coral species, belonging to only 7 genera, that are mostly collected for the aquarium trade is high and CITES working groups are attempting to monitor the sustainability of the harvests. Live rock is used for aquarium filtration because of the porosity of the coral skeletons that constitute them. Coral blocks and sand are traditionally used for construction. Their extraction has a devastating effect on reef environments and generates only low monetary returns. The burning of coral calcareous skeletons produces lime that may be utilized for construction and soil enrichment on volcanic islands. This activity is still practised in Indonesia. The use of coral skeletons in bone grafts remains anecdotal. Lace corals (Stylasteridae) and organ coral are traded as ornaments. The former are harvested in Japan, Taiwan and Hawaii. Black coral (Antipatharia), blue coral (Helioporacea) and some Melithaeidae gorgonians (Alcyonacea), the latter often mistaken for red coral, are used for jewellery. Black coral is highly valued and comes mainly from Taiwan. A fisheries management model has been established for the corals Antipathes dichotoma and Corallium secundum in Hawaii. All corals, except those of the genus Corallium and soft corals, are listed in Appendix II of CITES. Fossil corals are not included in this protection.
机译:当前的珊瑚贸易代表着对生物材料的强力开发,并构成了利润丰厚的活动。在术语“珊瑚”下,将属于门生动物门的不同动物分组。红珊瑚和其他种类的珊瑚,器官珊瑚,软珊瑚,蓝珊瑚,巩膜菌或疯子,黑珊瑚,火珊瑚,花边珊瑚,以及有时与红珊瑚相混淆的错误的某些梅利科ida属,都被利用,在不同程度上和出于各种目的(珠宝,水族馆,小装饰品,农业,建筑,外科手术)。迄今为止,巩膜菌交易量最大,监测最好。每年有11至1200万个标本用于水族馆贸易。%最近的珊瑚贸易代表着重要的生物材料收获,并且是一种非常有利可图的活动。名称“珊瑚”包括属于刺胞门的不同种类的动物。这些团体的成员受制于珊瑚贸易。红珊瑚Corallium rubrum已经收获了2000多年,从事珠宝行业。意大利,西班牙,突尼斯,摩洛哥,阿尔及利亚以及较小的法国和摩纳哥都在利用这种资源,该资源基本上仅限于地中海西部。尤其在亚洲,夏威夷和日本,其他种类的珊瑚被收集用于珠宝和装饰业。 Scleractinians,以前称为madrepores,是最重要的珊瑚贸易,每年有11至1200万活体。 1993年之后,印度尼西亚从菲律宾接管成为最大的出口国。自2003年以来,太平洋中部的新群岛,例如斐济,所罗门群岛和瓦努阿图已涉足珊瑚市场。目标市场主要是美国,欧洲和日本,以进行水族标本和装饰品的贸易。对仅属于7属的少数几个珊瑚物种的压力很大,这些物种大多是为水族馆贸易而收集的,CITES工作组正试图监测捕捞的可持续性。活石被用于水族馆的过滤,因为构成它们的珊瑚骨骼的孔隙率很高。珊瑚块和沙子传统上用于建筑。它们的提取对珊瑚礁环境具有毁灭性影响,并且仅产生较低的货币回报。燃烧珊瑚钙质骨骼会产生石灰,可用于火山岛上的建筑和土壤富集。印尼仍在进行这项活动。在骨移植物中使用珊瑚骨骼仍然是传闻。蕾丝珊瑚(Stylasteridae)和器官珊瑚被当作装饰品来交易。前者是在日本,台湾和夏威夷收获的。黑珊瑚(Antipatharia),蓝珊瑚(Helioporacea)和一些Melithaeidae gorgonians(Alcyonacea)(通常被误认为红珊瑚)被用作珠宝首饰。黑珊瑚受到高度重视,主要来自台湾。已经为夏威夷的Antipathes dichotoma和Corallium secundum珊瑚建立了渔业管理模型。除珊瑚属和软珊瑚以外的所有珊瑚,均在《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》附录二中列出。化石珊瑚不包括在此保护范围内。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱:kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备:11010802029741号 ICP备案号:京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有
  • 客服微信

  • 服务号