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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >DIVERSITE FAUNISTIQUE ET POLLUTIONS DANS DES COURS D'EAU DU HAUT-JURA
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DIVERSITE FAUNISTIQUE ET POLLUTIONS DANS DES COURS D'EAU DU HAUT-JURA

机译：豪特尤拉河水域的野生生物多样性和污染

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Throughout Europe and America, there is a strong belief that intensive cattle farming causes soil, air and water pollutions due to nitrates, phosphates, ammoniac, phytosa-nitary and sanitary factors. But, the impacts are probably seriously reduced when the animals are dispersed, for instance on mountain meadows. It appears that little is known about this subject. It is therefore important to study the effects concerning the upper parts of small rivers, the fauna of which may be seriously affected. For this, the study of the biodiversity of aquatic invertebrates, such as some insect larvae, is known to be one of the best means of evaluating water quality. Thus, we have used the IBGN-test, described by VERNEAUX et al. (1982) and widely applied (eg. GENIN et al., 1997), to study some streams of the Haut-Jura. In the same vein, we believe that golf-courses, which tend to proliferate everywhere in mountains and involve serious transformations of the biota and the destruction of swamp areas, can cause a real reduction of the general biodiversity and thus provoke faunistic dis-turbancies in rivers, depending upon the physical and chemical soil treatments. Such treatments are important in shaping this sort of artificial landscape. In spite of some facts, relatively little attention has been paid to water-biological disturbances. Three golf-courses have been studied in the Jura mountains, with the help of two owners and greenkeepers along the Valserine and the Bief-Noir of the lac des Rousses, which are all situated in a district of ecological interest (ZNIEFF). Simple physico-chemical tests have been combined with biological studies which allowed us to rapidly and clearly evaluate an index for water quality. This subject can be related to the Natura 2000 objectives. From our results, it is concluded that disturbances can effectively be observed, influenced by cattle and golf-courses. We report a downward shift of the populations of certain invertebrates (Trichoptera and Plecoptera) in favour of a much higher proportion of poor indicator-taxa (Diptera, Crustacea-Gammaridae and Oligocheta). It is clear that over-use of chemicals can lead to serious faunistic imbalance. Based on there observations, we suggest that it would be interesting to persue the study of these disorders as warning indicators for certain farmers, agronomists and golf-course managers, as suggested by F. RAMADE and C. BRUNEEL (pers.comm.), who noticed that official scientific reports concerning the quality of the water and fauna of the rivers of the Jura are infrequent (6-7 years). This point has been confirmed by the Regional Council of the Ain district, for example.
机译：在整个欧洲和美国，人们坚信集约化耕作会由于硝酸盐，磷酸盐，氨水，植物检疫和卫生因素而造成土壤，空气和水污染。但是，当动物分散在例如高山草甸上时，影响可能会大大减轻。似乎对该主题知之甚少。因此，重要的是研究与小河的上游有关的影响，小河的动物区系可能会受到严重影响。为此，研究水生无脊椎动物（例如某些昆虫幼虫）的生物多样性是评估水质的最佳手段之一。因此，我们使用了VERNEAUX等人描述的IBGN测试。 （1982年）并得到广泛应用（例如GENIN等人，1997年），以研究上朱拉河的某些河流。同样，我们认为，高尔夫球场往往在山区到处扩散，并涉及生物群的严重转变和沼泽地的破坏，可能导致总体生物多样性的真正减少，从而激起当地的动物主义破坏。河流，取决于土壤的物理和化学处理方式。这种处理对于塑造这种人造景观很重要。尽管有一些事实，但对水生物干扰的关注相对较少。在汝拉山区的两个所有者和果岭管理员的帮助下，在汝拉山区研究了三个高尔夫球场，这两个高尔夫球场都位于瓦尔塞林和拉克苏斯的比夫-诺瓦，它们都位于生态名胜区（ZNIEFF）。简单的物理化学测试与生物学研究相结合，使我们能够快速而清晰地评估水质指标。该主题可以与Natura 2000目标相关。从我们的结果可以得出结论，受牛和高尔夫球场影响，可以有效地观察到干扰。我们报告某些无脊椎动物（Trichoptera和Plecoptera）的种群向下转移，而有利于 poor 指示类群（双翅目，甲壳纲-Gammaridae和Oligocheta）的比例更高。显然，化学品的过度使用会导致严重的货币主义不平衡。根据这些观察结果，我们建议将这些疾病的研究作为某些农民，农艺师和高尔夫球场管理人员的预警指标，就像F.RAMADE和C.BRUNEEL（pers.comm。）建议的那样，他注意到有关朱拉河水和动物群质量的官方科学报告很少（6至7年）。例如，这一点已被艾因区的区域委员会确认。

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