• 主题
高级搜索  >
历史搜索 清空历史
首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >DOMESTICATION ET COMPORTEMENT
【24h】

DOMESTICATION ET COMPORTEMENT

机译：户籍与行为

获取原文
获取原文并翻译 | 示例
           
页面导航
  • 摘要
  • 著录项
  • 相似文献
  • 相关主题

摘要

The domestication of animal species has led to complex relations with humans entailing profound transformations, especially at the behavioural level. It is a rather difficult task to answer the question of whether the wild ancestors of a given domestic form were in some way preadapted to domestication. Contrary to general belief, Felis sylvestris, from which the domestic cat was derived, displays no more predispositions than several other felids. On the other hand, wolves and humans show a conspicuous parallelism in a many behavioural features, each species being able to understand many signals emitted by the other, in such a way that it has been suggested that excellent models could be found among social carnivores for studies on the origins and evolution of human sociability. Concerning goats and sheep, they are likely to have readily accepted human housing because they previously used to shelter in caves. The effects of domestication on behaviour are diverse. Some traits are only slightly (or even not at all) modified, such as those involved in defence in horses or in maternal care in pigs. On the whole, the behaviour is less sophisticated in domestic animals than in their wild relatives, owing to decrease of environmental complexity and selection against aggres-sivity. Neoteny, i e. conservation of juvenile characters in the sexually mature condition, is common in domestic forms, as exemplified by dogs. It seems to be a by-product of selection for submission and non-aggressivity. This assumption is supported by a long-term experiment on fox : artificial selection readily resulted in a substantial decrease of aggressivity together with the emergence of some dog-like neotenic behavioural traits. Among the non-genetic consequences of domestication, overcrowding can exacerbate fear reactions and social stress in breeds, with subsequent detrimental effects on productivity. These disavantages might be avoided in the future by improving breeding methods and selecting for resistance to stress.
机译：动物物种的驯化导致与人类的复杂关系，带来深刻的转变，尤其是在行为层面。要回答给定家庭形式的野生祖先是否在某种程度上适合驯化的问题，是一个相当艰巨的任务。与一般的看法相反，家猫从中生的欧洲野猫显示的诱因没有其他几只猫科动物高。另一方面，狼和人类在许多行为特征上表现出明显的平行性，每个物种都能够理解彼此发出的许多信号，因此，人们认为可以在社会食肉动物中找到优秀的模型。人类社会起源和进化的研究。关于山羊和绵羊，它们很可能已经很容易地接受了人类的住房，因为它们以前曾是用来躲藏在洞穴中的。驯化对行为的影响是多种多样的。有些特征只是略微（甚至根本没有）改变，例如那些涉及马匹防御或涉及猪的母性保健的特征。总体而言，由于环境复杂性的降低和针对聚集性的选择，家畜的行为不如野生亲属复杂。 Neoteny，我在性成熟状态下，少年性格的保护在家庭形式中很常见，例如狗。它似乎是选择提交和非侵略性的副产品。这个假设得到了关于狐狸的长期实验的支持：人工选择很容易导致攻击性大大降低，并且出现了一些类似狗的新手行为特征。在驯化的非遗传后果中，过度拥挤会加剧品种的恐惧反应和社会压力，从而对生产力产生不利影响。将来可以通过改进育种方法和选择抗逆性来避免这些破坏。

著录项

相似文献

  • 外文文献
  • 中文文献
  • 专利
获取原文

客服邮箱：kefu@zhangqiaokeyan.com

京公网安备：11010802029741号 ICP备案号：京ICP备15016152号-6 六维联合信息科技 (北京) 有限公司©版权所有

  • 客服微信

  • 服务号