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L'APPROCHE REGLEMENTAIRE

机译：监管方法

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摘要

Scientific debates show that it is difficult to define exactly what is a domesticated species. Nevertheless, any regulation must clearly determine the scope of its application. In France, regulations on Nature conservation include protection of non-domestic species because it is assumed that captive breeding can have an impact on their conservation. On the other hand, domesticated species or varieties are kept in captivity without being supposed to disturb the natural balance of wild species. Accordingly, it is essential to be able, for instance in breeding control, to assert whether or not the animals are domesticated. Species which have not suffered modifications induced by artificial selection are considered non-domesticated. Animals in this category are supposed to belong to non-domesticated species. It follows that domesticated species have been selected continuously for a long time by Man and have acquired stable, heritable traits. Even if an animal belonging to a wild species is born and kept in captivity for a long period, this has no bearing on its status as a non-domesticated animal. Nevertheless, it is acknowledged that the species is not the only taxonomic entity that allows domesticated and non-domesticated populations to be distinguished: breeds and varieties must also be considered and, in some wild species, the existence of domesticated breeds or varieties has been recognized. They have been listed in 1994. It is not always easy to put into effect these regulations, especially when they concern wild bird species that include domesticated breeds or varieties. It is therefore necessary to act with caution and flexibility. Taking the phenotype into account is not always sufficient. For instance, it may happen that a mutated coloration, considered as characteristic of a domesticated variety, masks a recent crossing with wild birds taken in nature. In that case, the animals concerned should have the same status as hybrids and are subject to nature protection regulations. Caution is needed in appreciating the homogeneity of a flock, when only a few individuals are observed. When a mixture of wild and domesticated phenotypes is observed, the whole flock must be considered as composed of non-domesticated animals. It is also necessary to take into account the interests of breeders and to protect wild species. A satisfactory compromise seems to have been proposed.
机译：科学辩论表明，很难准确定义什么是驯化物种。但是，任何法规都必须明确确定其适用范围。在法国，关于自然保护的法规包括对非本地物种的保护，因为人们认为圈养繁殖会对它们的保护产生影响。另一方面，驯养的物种或品种被圈养，而不会干扰野生物种的自然平衡。因此，例如在繁殖控制中能够断言动物是否被驯化是至关重要的。未遭受因人工选择而引起的修饰的物种被视为未驯化。该类别的动物应该属于非驯养物种。因此，人类长期以来一直在选择驯化物种，并获得了稳定的，可遗传的性状。即使属于野生物种的动物出生并长期被圈养，也与它作为非驯养动物的地位无关。然而，公认的是，该物种并不是唯一能够区分驯化和非驯化种群的分类实体：还必须考虑品种和变种，在某些野生物种中，已经认识到存在驯化的品种或变种。它们已于1994年列出。要使这些法规生效并不总是那么容易，尤其是当它们涉及包括驯养品种或变种在内的野生鸟类时。因此，必须谨慎和灵活地采取行动。考虑表型并不总是足够的。例如，可能发生的一种变色被认为是驯化品种的特征，它掩盖了最近与自然界野生鸟类的杂交。在这种情况下，有关动物应具有与杂种相同的地位，并应遵守自然保护条例。当只观察到少数个体时，在鉴赏鸡群的同质性时需要谨慎。当观察到野生和驯养表型的混合物时，必须将整个鸡群视为由非驯养动物组成。还必须考虑育种者的利益并保护野生物种。似乎已经提出了令人满意的折衷方案。

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  • 来源
    《Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France》 |2003年第4期|p.325-331|共7页
  • 作者

    Michel PERRET;

  • 作者单位

    Ministere de l'Ecologie et du Developpement durable Direction de la Nature et des Paysages Bureau de la Faune et de la Flore sauvages 20, avenue de Segur, 75302 Paris 07 SP;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 fre
  • 中图分类 动物学;
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