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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >INFORTUNES DU CEPHALOPODE BATELEUR DE GEOFFROY
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INFORTUNES DU CEPHALOPODE BATELEUR DE GEOFFROY

机译：杰弗罗伊的头足动物“蝙蝠侠”的不幸之处

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The so-called Querelle des analogues that divided GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE and CUVIER in 1830 was justly celebrated by GOETHE. It ranks among the great moments in the history of biology. Nevertheless, the initial argument - Cephalopods interpreted as quadruped Vertebrates, turned back upon themselves like tumblers - was almost overshadowed by a previous hypothesis by GEOFFROY comparing Vertebrates and Articulates. His upturned lobster offered a linear system of morphological homologies, rediscovered in the perspective of molecular embryology (GOULD in Geoffroy and the Homeobox, 1985 ; SLACK et al. for the zootype and unity of plan, 1993 ; DE ROBERTIS and SASAI for the dorso-ventral inversion of the Bilateria, 1996 ; LE GUYADER in his biography of Geoffroy, 1998). My chief aim was to assess the relevance of LAURENCET and MEYRANX's hypothesis with the help of documents complementing the texts reprinted and analysed by TORT (1983) and LE GUYADER (1998). Reference is made to the detailed refutation by CUVIER, based on original drawings, the arguments of GEOFFROY focusing on the position of the jaws and contesting about a brain, the primacy of Articulates and their dorso-ventral inversion emphasized by AMPERE (1824), and the identification of the mol-luscan nervous system with that of insect embryos by SERRES (1824). From the point of view of the "Great chain of Being" and Naturphilosophie, the excessive "analogical" interpretation of Cephalopods by LATREILLE (1823) is confronted with LAMARCK's competitive hypothesis concerning Heteropods. The later fate of this topic has given greater space to the problems of homology and inversion of the dorsoventral axis. Present day philosophers, DELEUZE and GUATTARI (1980), fond of GEOFFROY and his dispute, have taken the Cephalopods into consideration, even if they mistook folding and stratification in this group. They rightly recalled the interpretation by PERRIER (1881) of the "conflict over mouth and brain" which characterized the relationships between Annelids and Vertebrates and did not concern Molluscs. In a paper concerning convergences between Cephalopods and Fish, PACKARD (1972) referred to a late study (1883) by the "British CUVIER", OWEN, who propounded a system close to the one conceived by PERRIER. A "conario-hypophysial tract" (= abortive pharynx) ran through the Vertebrate brain. Its functional homologue was to be found in the upturned caterpillar and also in the octopus, allowing OWEN to validate CUVIER's alternative diagram. A belated reference to the "tumbler" appeared in 1917 in a dissection book, in which BOUT AN referred to Cephalopods as the "Primates of Molluscs" and described the octopus as "a clown doubled-up in a barrel". Molluscs have faced new debates in the course of the twentieth century, but they are still little affected by the new phylogenic approaches of molecular biology.
机译：歌德（GOETHE）合理地庆祝了1830年将GEOFFROY SAINT-HILAIRE和CUVIER分开的所谓的Querelle des类似物。它是生物学史上最伟大的时刻之一。尽管如此，最初的论点-头足类动物被解释为四足脊椎动物，像翻转者一样转回自己-几乎被盖夫罗伊比较脊椎动物和关节动物的先前假设所掩盖。他的上翘龙虾提供了一个线性的形态学同源性系统，从分子胚胎学的角度重新发现（GOULD in Geoffroy and Homeobox，1985； SLACK等人，其动物类型和计划统一，1993； DE ROBERTIS和SASAI，其背侧Bilateria腹侧倒置，1996； LE GUYADER在其Geoffroy的传记中，1998）。我的主要目的是借助文件补充由TORT（1983）和LE GUYADER（1998）重印和分析过的文本来评估劳伦斯和梅兰克斯假说的相关性。参考了CUVIER的详细反驳，这些反驳是基于原始图纸，GEOFFROY的论点集中在颌骨的位置并争夺大脑，AMPERE（1824）强调的关节的首要地位和它们的背腹反转，以及SERRES（1824）用昆虫胚胎鉴定了mol-luscan神经系统。从“存在的伟大链”和自然哲学的角度来看，拉特里尔（1823）对头足类动物的过度“类比”解释面临着拉马克关于异足动物的竞争假设。该主题的较晚命运给了更大的空间来解决同位和背腹轴倒置的问题。如今，喜欢GEOFFROY及其争议的哲学家DELEUZE和GUATTARI（1980）已将头足类动物纳入考虑范围，即使他们误以为该类别中的折叠和分层也是如此。他们正确地回顾了PERRIER（1881）对“口与脑的冲突”的解释，该解释表征了安妮利兹犬与脊椎动物之间的关系，而与软体动物无关。在有关头足类和鱼类之间趋同的论文中，PACKARD（1972）提到了OWEN的“英国CUVIER”的最新研究（1883），他提出了一种与PERRIER设想的系统相近的系统。脊椎动物的大脑贯穿了一个“ conario垂体下垂体”（=流产性咽）。它的功能同源物出现在上翘的毛毛虫和章鱼中，这使OWEN可以验证CUVIER的替代图。在1917年的解剖书中出现了对“不倒翁”的迟来提及，其中BOUT AN将头足类动物称为“软体动物的首领”，并将章鱼形容为“桶中成倍增加的小丑”。软体动物在二十世纪期间面临着新的争论，但是它们仍然不受分子生物学新的系统发育方法的影响。

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