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首页> 外文期刊>Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France >LA GLANDE PINEALE DE LA GERBILLE GERBILLUS PYRAMIDUM ETUDE ULTRASTRUCTURALE EN FONCTION DE LA PHOTOPERIODE
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LA GLANDE PINEALE DE LA GERBILLE GERBILLUS PYRAMIDUM ETUDE ULTRASTRUCTURALE EN FONCTION DE LA PHOTOPERIODE

机译：根据光周期对小叶菊的松果超微结构研究

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摘要

To determine the role of the pineal gland in the nycthemeral rhythm, we have studied this gland in a nocturnal desert rodent, the gerbil (Gerbillus pyramidum), using a histo-cytological approach, in light and dark phases of two photoperiodes, one short (10 L : 14 D), the other long (14L : 10 D). In light microscopy: pineal tissue has parenchyme pinealocytes as its major component. We could distinguish two populations: the most numerous, with clear nucleus and cytoplasm, are clear pinealocytes (?); the others, with dark cytoplasm and nucleus, are dark pinealocytes (Ⅱ). Electron microscopy permitted the classification of cells into two distinct types, based on their cytological characteristics and physiological activities. Thus, the clear pinealocytes (Ⅰ) contain granular vesicles giving probable evidence of their role in the synthesis of pineal hormone. Dark pinealocytes are marked by the presence of large clear vacuoles near the Golgi apparatus; their nature and role remain to be determined. These two types show circadian fluctuations during the two photoperiods studied. In short photoperiod, there is metabolic activation of pinealocytes Ⅰ during the dark phase; these cells present two aspects: Ia and Ib. Type Ia represents an advanced state of synthetic activity, expressed by the formation of numerous granular vesicules in prolongations and endings. During this phase, perivascular spaces contract and nerve ends multiply, indicating a direct stimulation of pinealocytes Ⅰ. Pinealocyte Ⅱ activity is moderate during this phase; vacuoles are slightly more numerous at night, but their contents remain clear. In long photoperiod, as early as the light phase, pinealocytes Ⅰ present developed organelles similar to type Ia of short photoperiod with important smooth endoplasmic reti-culum (SER) and numerous large mitochondria. This suggests an advanced and accelerated activation of their metabolism. Contrary to short photoperiod, pinealocytes Ⅱ become very active, their secretory products represented by vacuoles associated to the granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER), which seems to undergo a maturation especially at night, when it becomes flocculent and slightly dense. These cells may also be implicated in an exchange process with the extracellular space which becomes, during the dark phase, larger and filled with dense amorphous material.
机译：为了确定松果体在夜间节律中的作用，我们使用组织细胞学方法，在夜间沙漠啮齿类动物沙鼠（Gerbillus pyramidum）中研究了该腺体，在两个光周期的光和暗阶段，一个短时（ 10 L：14 D），另一长（14 L：10 D）。在光学显微镜下：松果体组织具有实质的松果体细胞作为其主要成分。我们可以区分两个种群：大多数，具有清晰的核和细胞质，是透明的松果体细胞（？）；其他具有深色细胞质和核的是深色松果体细胞（Ⅱ）。电子显微镜可以根据细胞的细胞学特征和生理活性将其分为两种不同的类型。因此，透明的松果体细胞（Ⅰ）含有颗粒状囊泡，这可能证明了它们在松果体激素合成中的作用。黑暗的松果体细胞的特征是在高尔基体附近有大量透明的液泡。其性质和作用仍有待确定。这两种类型在所研究的两个光周期中显示了昼夜节律波动。在短暂的光周期中，在黑暗阶段，松果体细胞Ⅰ有代谢活化作用。这些单元格呈现两个方面：Ia和Ib。 Ia型代表合成活性的高级状态，其表现为在延长和末端中形成许多粒状囊泡。在此阶段，血管周间隙收缩，神经末梢增生，表明直接刺激了松果体Ⅰ。在此阶段，松果细胞Ⅱ的活性中等。晚上的空泡数量更多，但其内容仍然清晰。在长光周期中，早在光照期，松果体细胞Ⅰ就会出现类似于短光周期的Ia型的细胞器，具有重要的平滑内质网（SER）和大量的线粒体。这表明其代谢的提前和加速活化。与短暂的光周期相反，松果体细胞Ⅱ变得非常活跃，其分泌产物以与内质网（GER）有关的液泡为代表，该内质网似乎正在成熟，尤其是在晚上，当它变得絮凝且稍致密时。这些细胞也可能涉及与细胞外空间的交换过程，该细胞外空间在黑暗阶段变得更大并充满致密的非晶态材料。

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