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What do crystals nucleate on? What is the microscopic mechanism? How can we model nucleation?

机译:晶体在什么上成核?微观机制是什么?我们如何模拟成核?

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摘要

Crystallization is a key process in materials science, and most materials are made by processes that involve crystallization. Crystallization starts with nucleation, a process that is poorly understood for two reasons. First, nucleation occurs in contact with the typically uncharacterized surface of an impurity in the system. Second, we typically have little direct data on the microscopic mechanism of nucleation. We have a theory called classical nucleation, but when a simple application of the theory disagrees with experiment, it is unclear whether the theory is wrong, or if some feature of the surface is missing from the model. This article briefly reviews recent work on nucleation and its mechanisms. We are not alone in working with a stochastic process whose underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Engineers often have this problem and have developed powerful statistical models for stochastic processes. Surprisingly, even though they are sometimes used by materials scientists in different contexts, these are not used to model and predict nucleation behavior. We could advance the field with their use.
机译:结晶是材料科学中的关键过程,大多数材料是由涉及结晶的过程制成的。结晶始于成核,由于两个原因,人们对该过程了解甚少。首先,成核发生于与系统中杂质的通常未表征的表面接触。其次,我们通常几乎没有关于成核微观机制的直接数据。我们有一个称为经典成核的理论,但是当该理论的简单应用与实验不一致时,则不清楚该理论是否错误,或者模型中是否缺少某些表面特征。本文简要回顾了有关成核及其机制的最新工作。我们并不是唯一一个对随机过程的潜在机制了解不足的人。工程师经常遇到这个问题,并为随机过程开发了功能强大的统计模型。令人惊讶的是,即使材料科学家有时在不同的情况下使用它们,也没有将其用于建模和预测成核行为。我们可以利用它们来推动这一领域。

著录项

  • 来源
    《MRS bulletin》 |2016年第5期|363-368|共6页
  • 作者

    Sear Richard;

  • 作者单位

    Univ Surrey, Dept Phys, Guildford GU2 5XH, Surrey, England;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

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