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Quantifying the Kinetics of Crystal Growth by Oriented Aggregation

机译：通过定向聚集量化晶体生长的动力学

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摘要

Oriented aggregation is a nonclassical crystal growth mechanism resulting in new secondary particles composed of crystallographically aligned primary crystallites. These secondary crystals often have unique and symmetry-defying morphologies, can be twinned, and can contain stacking faults and other significant defects. A wide range of materials, such as titanium dioxide, iron oxides, selenides and sulfides, and metal oxyhydroxides, are known to grow by oriented aggregation under certain conditions. Evidence for oriented aggregation also has been observed in natural materials. Over the last decade, reports of this crystal growth mechanism have appeared with increasing frequency in the scientific literature. The development of kinetic models aimed at improving our fundamental understanding as well as facilitating purposeful control over size, size distribution, and shape has ranged from simple dimer formation models to polymeric models and population balance models. These models have enabled detection and characterization of crystal growth by oriented aggregation using methods such as small-angle x-ray scattering, among others, in addition to transmission electron microscopy. As our fundamental understanding of oriented aggregation improves, novel and complex functional materials are expected to emerge. This article presents a summary of some recent results, methods, and models for characterizing crystal growth by oriented aggregation.
机译：定向聚集是一种非经典的晶体生长机制，会导致新的次级颗粒由晶体排列的初级微晶组成。这些次生晶体通常具有独特且不符合对称性的形态，可以孪生，并且可能包含堆叠缺陷和其他重大缺陷。已知多种材料，例如二氧化钛，氧化铁，硒化物和硫化物以及金属羟基氧化物，在某些条件下会通过定向聚集而生长。在天然材料中也观察到定向聚集的证据。在过去的十年中，有关这种晶体生长机理的报道在科学文献中以越来越高的频率出现。从简单的二聚体形成模型到聚合模型和种群平衡模型，动力学模型的开发旨在改善我们的基本理解并促进对大小，大小分布和形状的有目的地控制。除了透射电子显微镜外，这些模型还可以使用诸如小角度X射线散射等方法通过定向聚集来检测和表征晶体生长。随着我们对定向聚集的基本理解的提高，新型和复杂的功能材料有望出现。本文提供了一些最新的结果，方法和模型的总结，这些结果，方法和模型通过定向聚集来表征晶体生长。

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