Whatever happened to the self-made man? According to Pamela Walker Laird,he-or she-never existed.Sure,individual talent and initiative matter.Yet Laird believes office grumblers are also on the right track when they complain that someone succeeded due to "connections" or that a dearth of women or minority managers is due to bias.What was long missing from historians' efforts to understand success,she argues,was a way of thinking embodied in an appropriate vocabulary: mentoring,networking,role modeling,gatekeeping.
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