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Implications of stubble management on snow hydrology and meltwater partitioning

机译：茬管理对积雪水文和融水分配的影响

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Spring snowmelt is the most important hydrological event in agricultural cold regions, recharging soil moisture and generating the majority of annual runoff. Melting agricultural snowcovers are patchy, which leads to melt rate enhancement by energy advection from warm moist snow-free surfaces to cool dry snowcovers. Agricultural snowmelt is also impacted by crop residue. Adoption of zero-tillage agricultural practices means vast areas of the Canadian Prairies are now characterized by standing crop stubble. Stubble influences snow accumulation through blowing snow processes and snowmelt through the impact of emerging stubble upon the surface energy balance. Unfortunately, stubble emergence and advection to patchy snowcovers are unaccounted for in snow hydrology models and a complete process description has been unavailable. Here, both advection and stubble influences on snowmelt hydrology are modelled by coupling new stubble-snow-atmosphere surface energy balance and advection models to existing blowing snow and frozen soil infiltration models. Long-term meteorological datasets from sub-humid and semi-arid locations in Saskatchewan, Canada are used to quantify the influence of stubble characteristics on accumulation, melt, and meltwater partitioning processes with respect to interannual variability, antecedent soil moisture, and climatic differences on the Canadian Prairies. The hydrological response to increasing stubble height is increased meltwater, melt rate, infiltration, and runoff, and negligible changes in melt duration. The response of these processes to changes in stubble height was more pronounced at a semi-arid site versus a sub-humid site as stubble more effectively suppresses blowing snow sublimation in the windier, drier semi-arid environment of southwestern Saskatchewan. Recommendations for stubble management to meet specific runoff or infiltration objectives are summarised; stubble management can be an effective tool to influence infiltration where soils are dry and runoff where soils are wet. This framework allows the diagnosis of the influence of stubble management on meltwater partitioning in cold agricultural regions.
机译：春季融雪是农业寒冷地区最重要的水文事件，可补充土壤水分并产生大部分年度径流。融化的农业积雪是零散的，通过从温暖，无雪的温暖表面到干燥干燥的积雪的能量对流，可以提高融化速率。农业融雪也受到作物残渣的影响。采取零耕作的农业作法意味着加拿大大草原地区现在的作物残茬特征是常设的。残茬通过吹雪过程影响积雪，而新兴残茬对表面能量平衡的影响则使积雪融化。不幸的是，在积雪水文模型中，并没有对残片积雪覆盖物的残茬出现和平流现象进行说明，而且还没有完整的过程描述。在这里，平流和残茬对融雪水文的影响都是通过将新的残茬-雪-大气表面能平衡和平流模型与现有的吹雪和冻土入渗模型耦合而建立的。来自加拿大萨斯喀彻温省半湿润和半干旱地区的长期气象数据集用于定量研究茬特征对年际变化，前期土壤水分和气候差异的影响，对累积，融化和融水分配过程的影响。加拿大大草原。对残茬高度增加的水文响应是熔体水，熔体速率，入渗和径流增加，以及熔体持续时间的变化可忽略不计。这些过程对残茬高度变化的响应在半干旱地点相对于半湿润地点更为明显，因为在西南萨斯喀彻温省多风，干燥的半干旱环境中，残茬更有效地抑制了吹雪升华。总结了为满足特定径流或入渗目标而进行的茬管理的建议；残茬管理可以有效地影响土壤干燥时的入渗和影响土壤湿润时的径流。该框架可以诊断残茬管理对寒冷农业地区的融水分配的影响。

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