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Cancer stem cells, microRNAs, and therapeutic strategies including natural products

机译:癌症干细胞,microRNA和包括天然产物在内的治疗策略

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摘要

Embryonic stem cells divide continuously and differentiate into organs through the expression of specific transcription factors at specific time periods. Differentiated adult stem cells on the other hand remain in quiescent state and divide by receiving cues from the environment (extracellular matrix or niche), as in the case of wound healing from tissue injury or inflammation. Similarly, it is believed that cancer stem cells (CSCs), forming a smaller fraction of the tumor bulk, also remain in a quiescent state. These cells are capable of initiating and propagating neoplastic growth upon receiving environmental cues, such as overexpression of growth factors, cytokines, and chemokines. Candidate CSCs express distinct biomarkers that can be utilized for their identification and isolation. This review focuses on the known and candidate cancer stem cell markers identified in various solid tumors and the promising future of disease management and therapy targeted at these markers. The review also provides details on the differential expression of microRNAs (miRNAs), and the miRNA- and natural product-based therapies that could be applied for the treatment of cancer stem cells.
机译:胚胎干细胞在特定时间段内通过特定转录因子的表达连续分裂并分化为器官。另一方面,分化的成体干细胞保持静止状态,并通过接收来自环境(细胞外基质或小生境)的线索而分裂,就像组织损伤或炎症引起的伤口愈合一样。类似地,据信形成肿瘤块的较小部分的癌症干细胞(CSC)也保持静止状态。这些细胞能够在受到环境因素(例如生长因子,细胞因子和趋化因子的过表达)的影响后,开始并传播肿瘤的生长。候选CSC表达不同的生物标记,可用于鉴定和分离。这篇综述着重于在各种实体瘤中鉴定出的已知的和候选的癌症干细胞标记物,以及针对这些标记物的疾病治疗和治疗的有希望的未来。审查还提供了有关microRNA(miRNA)差异表达以及可用于治疗癌症干细胞的基于miRNA和天然产物的疗法的详细信息。

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