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Evaluation of noise annotation lines: using noise to represent thematic uncertainty in maps

机译：噪声注释线的评估：使用噪声表示地图中的主题不确定性

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摘要

Noise annotation lines are a promising technique to visualize thematic uncertainty in maps. However, their potential has not yet been evaluated in user studies. In two experiments, we assessed the usability of this technique with respect to a different number of uncertainty levels as well as the influence of two design aspects of noise annotation lines: the grain and the width of the noise grid. We conducted a web-based study utilizing a qualitative comparison of 2 areas in 150 different maps. We recruited participants from Amazon Mechanical Turk with the majority being nonexperts with respect to the use of maps. Our findings suggest that for qualitative comparisons of "constant uncertainty" (i.e., constant uncertainty per area) in thematic maps, noise annotation lines can be used for up to six uncertainty levels. During comparison of four, six, and eight levels, the different designs of the technique yielded significantly different accuracies. We propose to use the "large noise width, coarse grain" design that was most successful. For "mixed uncertainty" (i.e., uncertainty is not constant per area) we observed a significant decrease in accuracy, but for four levels the technique can still be recommended. This article is a follow-up to our conference paper reporting on preliminary results of the first of the two experiments.
机译：噪声注释线是一种可视化地图主题不确定性的技术。但是，它们的潜力尚未在用户研究中进行评估。在两个实验中，我们针对不同数量的不确定性级别以及噪声注释线的两个设计方面（噪声的大小和宽度）的影响，评估了该技术的可用性。我们进行了基于网络的研究，利用了150个不同地图中2个区域的定性比较。我们从Amazon Mechanical Turk招募了参与者，其中大多数是关于地图使用的非专家。我们的发现表明，对于专题图中“恒定不确定性”（即每个区域恒定不确定性）的定性比较，噪声注释线最多可用于六个不确定性级别。在比较四个，六个和八个级别时，该技术的不同设计产生了显着不同的精度。我们建议使用最成功的“大噪声宽度，粗颗粒”设计。对于“混合不确定性”（即，每个区域的不确定性不是恒定的），我们观察到准确性显着下降，但是对于四个级别，仍然可以推荐该技术。本文是我们会议论文的后续报告，报告了两个实验中第一个实验的初步结果。

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