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Antiviral innate immunity pathways

机译:抗病毒先天免疫途径

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Recent studies have uncovered two signaling pathways that activate the host innate immunity against viral infection. One of the pathways utilizes members of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) family to detect viruses that enter the endosome through endocytosis. The TLR pathway induces interferon production through several signaling proteins that ultimately lead to the activation of the transcription factors NF-κB, IRF3 and IRF7. The other antiviral pathway uses the RNA helicase RIG-I as the receptor for intracellular viral double-stranded RNA. RIG-I activates NF-κB and IRFs through the recently identified adaptor protein MAVS, a CARD domain containing protein that resides in the mitochondrial membrane. MAVS is essential for antiviral innate immunity, but it also serves as a target of Hepatitis C virus (HCV), which employs a viral protease to cleave MAVS off the mitochondria, thereby allowing HCV to escape the host immune system.
机译:最近的研究发现了两个信号通路,可以激活宿主对病毒感染的固有免疫力。其中一种途径利用Toll样受体(TLR)家族的成员来检测通过内吞作用进入内体的病毒。 TLR途径通过几种信号蛋白诱导干扰素产生,这些信号蛋白最终导致转录因子NF-κB,IRF3和IRF7的激活。另一种抗病毒途径使用RNA解旋酶RIG-1作为细胞内病毒双链RNA的受体。 RIG-I通过最近发现的衔接子蛋白MAVS激活NF-κB和IRF,MAVS是位于线粒体膜中的含有CARD结构域的蛋白。 MAVS对于抗病毒先天免疫至关重要,但它也可作为丙型肝炎病毒(HCV)的靶标,后者利用病毒蛋白酶将MAVS从线粒体上切割下来,从而使HCV逃脱宿主免疫系统。

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