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Cell-replacement therapy and neural repair in the retina

机译：视网膜细胞替代疗法和神经修复

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Visual impairment severely affects the quality of life of patients and their families and is also associated with a deep economic impact. The most common pathologies responsible for visual impairment and legally defined blindness in developed countries include age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma and diabetic retinopathy. These conditions share common pathophysiological features: dysfunction and loss of retinal neurons. To date, two main approaches are being taken to develop putative therapeutic strategies: neuroprotection and cell replacement. Cell replacement is a novel therapeutic approach to restore visual capabilities to the degenerated adult neural retina and represents an emerging field of regenerative neurotherapy. The discovery of a population of proliferative cells in the mammalian retina has raised the possibility of harnessing endogenous retinal stem cells to elicit retinal repair. Furthermore, the development of suitable protocols for the reprogramming of differentiated somatic cells to a pluripotent state further increases the therapeutic potential of stem-cell-based technologies for the treatment of major retinal diseases. Stem-cell transplantation in animal models has been most effectively used for the replacement of photoreceptors, although this therapeutic approach is also being used for inner retinal pathologies. In this review, we discuss recent advances in the development of cell-replacement approaches for the treatment of currently incurable degenerative retinal diseases.
机译：视力障碍严重影响患者及其家人的生活质量，并带来深远的经济影响。在发达国家，导致视力障碍和法律上定义的失明的最常见病理包括年龄相关性黄斑变性，青光眼和糖尿病性视网膜病。这些疾病具有共同的病理生理特征：功能障碍和视网膜神经元丧失。迄今为止，正在采取两种主要方法来发展推定的治疗策略：神经保护和细胞置换。细胞置换是一种新的治疗方法，可恢复退化的成年神经视网膜的视觉功能，代表了再生神经疗法的新兴领域。哺乳动物视网膜中增殖细胞群的发现提高了利用内源性视网膜干细胞引发视网膜修复的可能性。此外，用于将分化的体细胞重编程为多能状态的合适方案的开发进一步增加了基于干细胞的技术用于治疗主要视网膜疾病的治疗潜力。在动物模型中，干细胞移植已最有效地用于替代感光细胞，尽管这种治疗方法也被用于视网膜内部病理。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了用于治疗当前无法治愈的变性视网膜疾病的细胞置换方法的最新进展。

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