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Stem cells in liver regeneration and therapy

机译：干细胞在肝脏的再生和治疗中的作用

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摘要

The liver has adapted to the inflow of ingested toxins by the evolutionary development of unique regenerative properties and responds to injury or tissue loss by the rapid division of mature cells. Proliferation of the parenchymal cells, i.e. hepatocytes and epithelial cells of the bile duct, is regulated by numerous cytokine/growth-factor-mediated pathways and is synchronised with extracellular matrix degradation and restoration of the vasculature. Resident hepatic stem/progenitor cells have also been identified in small numbers in normal liver and implicated in liver tissue repair. Their putative role in the physiology, pathophysiology and therapy of the liver, however, is not yet precisely known. Hepatic stem/progenitor cells also known as “oval cells” in rodents have been implicated in liver tissue repair, at a time when the capacity for hepatocyte and bile duct replication is exhausted or experimentally inhibited (facultative stem/progenitor cell pool). Although much more has to be learned about the role of stem/progenitor cells in the physiology and pathophysiology of the liver, experimental analysis of the therapeutic value of these cells has been initiated. Transplantation of hepatic stem/progenitor cells or in vivo pharmacological activation of the pool of hepatic stem cells may provide novel modalities for the therapy of liver diseases. In addition, extrahepatic stem cells (e.g. bone marrow cells) are being investigated for their contribution to liver regeneration. Hepatic progenitor cells derived from embryonic stem cells are included in this review, which also discusses future perspectives of stem cell-based therapies for liver diseases.
机译：肝脏通过独特的再生特性的进化发展适应了摄入的毒素的流入，并通过成熟细胞的快速分裂对损伤或组织损失做出反应。实质细胞，即胆管的肝细胞和上皮细胞的增殖受许多细胞因子/生长因子介导的途径调节，并与细胞外基质降解和脉管系统的恢复同步。在正常肝脏中也已经鉴定出少量的常驻肝干/祖细胞，并与肝组织修复有关。然而，它们在肝脏的生理，病理生理和治疗中的推定作用尚不清楚。啮齿动物中的肝干/祖细胞（也称为“卵细胞”）与肝组织修复有关，当时肝细胞和胆管复制能力已耗尽或实验性抑制（兼性干/祖细胞库）。尽管关于干/祖细胞在肝脏的生理学和病理生理学中的作用还需要进一步了解，但已经开始对这些细胞的治疗价值进行实验分析。肝干/祖细胞的移植或肝干细胞库的体内药理激活可能为肝病的治疗提供新的方法。另外，正在研究肝外干细胞（例如骨髓细胞）对肝再生的贡献。这篇综述包括了源自胚胎干细胞的肝祖细胞，它还讨论了基于干细胞的肝病治疗方法的未来前景。

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  • 来源
    《Cell and Tissue Research》 |2008年第1期|271-282|共12页
  • 作者

    Tobias Cantz; Michael P. Manns; Michael Ott;

  • 作者单位

    Max-Planck-Institute for Molecular Biomedicine Muenster Germany;

    Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology Center of Internal Medicine Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1 30625 Hannover Germany;

    Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Endocrinology Center of Internal Medicine Hannover Medical School Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1 30625 Hannover Germany;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    Stem cells; Liver; Hepatocytes; Hepatic stem/progenitor cells; Transplantation;

    机译：干细胞;肝;肝细胞;肝干/祖细胞;移植;

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