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首页> 外文期刊>Chelonian conservation and biology >Orientation in Five Species of Hatchling River Turtles Dispersing from Experimental Nests
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Orientation in Five Species of Hatchling River Turtles Dispersing from Experimental Nests

机译：从实验巢中散布的五种孵化河龟的方向

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摘要

Hatchling river turtles (Smooth Softshell Turtles, Apalone mutica; Spiny Softshell Turtles, Apalone spinifera; Northern Map Turtles, Graptemys geographica; False Map Turtles, Graptemys pseudogeographica; and Ouachita Map Turtles, Graptemys ouachitensis) were released in a variety of settings to help place orientation and dispersal from nests in the context of nest site selection by females and juvenile recruitment habitat. Visual cues associated with near open or far dark horizons were the primary environmental cues used during initial orientation and dispersal of the hatchling river turtles. On a river beach, hatchlings of both species of Softshell Turtles dispersed toward the open horizon of the nearby river. In contrast, hatchlings of all 3 species of Map Turtles on the same beach dispersed toward the near dark horizons of a forest that led them away from the river. Hatchling Map Turtles of all 3 species released in autumn and Northern Map Turtles also released in spring at a field arena dispersed toward near dark horizons of pine (Pinus spp.) and deciduous trees to the north and south of the arena (directions that were parallel to the Mississippi River). At a site in upland prairie habitat with no nearby wetlands, hatchlings of all 3 species of Map Turtles dispersed to the north toward near dark horizons of an oak (Quercus spp.) forest rather than toward more distant dark horizons of mixed oak and pine trees. At a lowland prairie site where no near dark horizon was visible, Northern Map Turtles dispersed toward 2 far dark horizons that were similar to 230 m to the north (a pond surrounded with trees) and to the south (an area of large deciduous trees at the west end of a windrow of pine trees), but not toward the large riparian wetland 280 m to the west. The bimodal dispersal pattern toward 2 equidistant dark horizons within 230 m but not toward the riparian area 280 m to the west suggests that the perception distance for hatchling Northern Map Turtles is between 230 and 280 m. Dispersal of a combined sample of naive hatchling False Map and Ouachita Map Turtles released in a mature corn field was not different from random, but the directions taken by the majority of hatchlings were to the north and south across corn rows that may be the closest match to dark horizons used for dispersal in typical habitats.
机译：在各种环境中释放了孵化的河龟（光滑的软壳龟，Apalone mutica；多刺的软壳龟，Apalone spinifera；北方地图的龟，Graptemys geoa； False Map的龟，Graptemys pseudogeographica；以及Ouachita的地图龟，Graptemys ouachitensis）在各种环境中得到释放。在雌性和未成年猎物栖息地选择巢穴的背景下从巢中定位和扩散。与近乎开阔的视野或较暗的视野相关的视觉提示是孵化河龟初始定向和散布时使用的主要环境提示。在河滩上，两种软壳海龟的孵化物向附近河流的开放地平线扩散。相比之下，在同一海滩上的所有3种地图龟的孵化器都散布在森林的近乎黑暗的地平线上，这导致它们远离河流。在秋季释放的所有3种孵化的地图龟和在春季释放的北部映射龟的野外活动场分布在松树（Pinus spp。）的近黑暗地平线上，以及在竞技场南北的落叶乔木（平行方向）密西西比河）。在高地草原栖息地的一个地点，附近没有湿地，所有3种地图龟的孵化场向北散布到橡树（Quercus spp。）森林的近乎黑暗的地平线上，而不是散布到更远的混合橡树和松树的黑暗地平线上。在低地大草原上，看不到近乎黑暗的地平线，北图龟向2个较远的黑暗地平线分散，这三个地平线类似于北部（一个被树木包围的池塘）和南部（一个大落叶树的区域）230 m。松树成堆的西端），但不朝向西侧280 m的大河岸湿地。朝向230 m内2个等距暗地平线的双峰扩散模式，而不是朝向西280 m的河岸区域，表明孵化北部地图海龟的感知距离在230至280 m之间。在成熟的玉米田中释放的幼稚的False Map和Ouachita Map Turtles混合样本的散布与随机情况没有什么不同，但是大多数孵化场采取的方向是在玉米行的南北方向，这可能是最接近的匹配方式到用于在典型栖息地中散布的黑暗地平线。

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