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首页> 外文期刊>Chelonian conservation and biology >Effects of Temperature on Sex Determination and Embryonic Development in the Red-footed Tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonarius
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Effects of Temperature on Sex Determination and Embryonic Development in the Red-footed Tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonarius

机译：温度对红脚龟（Carlonoidis carbonarius）性别决定和胚胎发育的影响

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摘要

Understanding reproductive biology and embryonic development is vital to guide conservation programs for endangered species. The Red-footed Tortoise, Chelonoidis carbonarius, is a vulnerable species for which the sex determination mechanism and the transitional temperatures range are unknown. In an attempt to obtain this information, we incubated 145 eggs (38 nests) at 3 constant temperatures: 29 degrees C, 31 degrees C, and 33 degrees C. All embryos incubated at 33 degrees C (n = 49) died during the first third of the incubation period. Of the eggs incubated at 31 degrees C (n = 47), only 10.6% hatched, and 2.12% of the embryos showed malformations of the carapace, head, or legs. Of the eggs incubated at 29 degrees C (n = 49), 52% hatched successfully with 10.2% exhibiting body malformations. From the 30 neonates obtained, we were able to sex 20 individuals by laparoscopies, 2 by gonads histology, 1 was impossible to identify because of the small sizes of the gonads at the time of death, and the remaining were released back to their tortoise origin of collection without being sexed. These results suggest that C. carbonarius exhibits a temperature-dependent sex determination mechanism with females produced at, or above, 29 degrees C. Our incidental findings of embryo malformations, asynchronous hatching, and incomplete yolk absorption suggest that this species may be able to arrest embryonic development via embryonic diapause, aestivation, or both. Future studies should focus on the developmental biology of this species including confirmation of the production of males at temperatures below 29 degrees C.
机译：了解生殖生物学和胚胎发育对于指导濒危物种的保护计划至关重要。红脚龟（Chelonoidis carbonarius）是一种脆弱的物种，其性别决定机制和过渡温度范围未知。为了获取此信息，我们在3个恒定温度下（29摄氏度，31摄氏度和33摄氏度）孵育了145个卵（38个巢）。所有在33摄氏度（n = 49）孵育的胚胎在第一次孵化中死亡潜伏期的三分之一。在31摄氏度（n = 47）下孵化的卵中，只有10.6％孵化，而2.12％的胚胎显示出甲壳，头或腿的畸形。在29摄氏度（n = 49）下孵化的卵中，有52％成功孵化，有10.2％的卵显示出身体畸形。从获得的30例新生儿中，我们能够通过腹腔镜检查法对20个个体进行性别分析，通过性腺组织学对2个个体进行性别分析，其中1个由于死时性腺的大小而无法鉴定，其余的则被释放回了乌龟的起源。没有性别的集合。这些结果表明，碳碳梭菌显示出温度依赖性性别决定机制，雌性在29℃或更高温度下产生。我们偶然发现的胚胎畸形，异步孵化和卵黄吸收不完全表明，该物种可能能够捕获通过胚胎滞育，引诱或两者兼而有之的胚胎发育。未来的研究应集中在该物种的发育生物学上，包括在低于29摄氏度的温度下确认雄性的生产。

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