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Biochemical Conversion Processes of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Fuels and Chemicals - A Review

机译：木质纤维素生物质向燃料和化学物质的生化转化过程-综述

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摘要

Lignocellulosic biomass - such as wood, agricultural residues or dedicated energy crops - is a promising renewable feedstock for production of fuels and chemicals that is available at large scale at low cost without direct competition for food usage. Its biochemical conversion in a sugar platform biorefinery includes three main unit operations that are illustrated in this review: the physico-chemical pretreatment of the biomass, the enzymatic hydrolysis of the carbohydrates to a fermentable sugar stream by cellulases and finally the fermentation of the sugars by suitable microorganisms to the target molecules. Special emphasis in this review is put on the technology, commercial status and future prospects of the production of second-generation fuel ethanol, as this process has received most research and development efforts so far. Despite significant advances, high enzyme costs are still a hurdle for large scale competitive lignocellulosic ethanol production. This could be overcome by a strategy termed 'consolidated bioprocessing' (CBP), where enzyme production, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation is integrated in one step - either by utilizing one genetically engineered superior microorganism or by creating an artificial co-culture. Insight is provided on both CBP strategies for the production of ethanol as well as of advanced fuels and commodity chemicals.
机译：木质纤维素生物质（例如木材，农业残留物或专用能源作物）是一种有前途的可再生原料，可用于生产燃料和化学药品，可大规模低成本获得，而无需直接竞争食品用途。它在糖平台生物精炼厂中的生化转化包括三个主要的单元操作，在本文中进行了说明：生物量的物理化学预处理，纤维素酶将碳水化合物酶解为可发酵糖流的糖化以及糖的发酵。对目标分子合适的微生物。本综述特别强调第二代燃料乙醇生产的技术，商业地位和未来前景，因为迄今为止该方法已获得大多数研究和开发努力。尽管取得了重大进展，但是高酶成本仍然是大规模竞争性木质纤维素乙醇生产的障碍。这可以通过一种称为“整合生物处理”（CBP）的策略来克服，在该策略中，酶的生产，酶促水解和发酵是一步整合的-通过利用一种基因改造的优良微生物或通过建立人工共培养物。提供了关于乙醇生产以及先进燃料和日用化学品生产的两种CBP策略的见解。

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