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New methods for assessing electron storage capacity and redox reversibility of biochar

机译：评估生物炭的电子存储能力和氧化还原可逆性的新方法

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Black carbon such as biochar has been shown to support microbial redox transformation by accepting and/or donating electrons. Electron storage capacity (ESC) is an important property that determines the capacity of a biochar to mediate redox processes in natural and engineered systems. However, it remained unclear whether a biochar's ESC is constant and reversible and if so to what extent, over what redox potential range ESC is distributed, and what fraction of the ESC is microbially accessible. In this study, we developed chemical methods that employed combinations of reductants and oxidants of different potentials - Ti(III) citrate, ferricyanide, dithionite, and dissolved O-2 - to measure the ESC of Soil Reef biochar, a wood-derived biochar that can serve as an electron donor or acceptor for Geobacter metallireducens. For a given oxidant reductant pair, the ESC obtained over multiple redox cycles was constant and fully reversible, though lower than that of the virgin biochar. Pore diffusion within biochar particles was rate-limiting and controlled the timescale for redox equilibrium. Results suggest that redox-facile functional groups in biochar were distributed over a broad range of potentials. The ESC measured using dithionite indicates approximately 22% of the biochar's reversible ESC was accessible to G. metallireducens. We propose that reversible ESC may be regarded as a constant and quantifiable property of black carbon. (C) 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译：诸如生物炭之类的黑碳已显示出通过接受和/或提供电子来支持微生物氧化还原转化。电子存储容量（ESC）是决定生物炭介导自然系统和工程系统中氧化还原过程能力的重要属性。但是，目前尚不清楚生物炭的ESC是否恒定且可逆，以及如果达到何种程度，则在什么氧化还原电势范围内分配ESC，以及微生物可访问的ESC比例。在这项研究中，我们开发了化学方法，该方法利用还原剂和氧化剂的组合-柠檬酸Ti（III），铁氰化物，连二亚硫酸盐和溶解的O-2-来测量土壤礁生物炭的电导率，土壤炭生物炭是一种可以作为金属还原杆菌的电子供体或受体。对于给定的氧化剂还原剂对，在多个氧化还原循环中获得的ESC恒定且完全可逆，尽管低于原始生物炭的ESC。生物炭颗粒中的孔扩散受到速率的限制，并控制氧化还原平衡的时间尺度。结果表明，生物炭中易氧化还原的官能团分布在很宽的电位范围内。使用连二亚硫酸盐测量的ESC表明，金属焦还原菌可接近生物炭可逆ESC的22％。我们建议可逆ESC可被视为黑碳的恒定和可量化的属性。 （C）2018 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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