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Long-term monitoring of waste-rock weathering at the Antamina mine, Peru

机译：秘鲁Antamina矿山的废石风化的长期监测

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The weathering of mine waste rock can cause release of metal-laden and acidic drainage that requires long-term and costly environmental management. To identify and quantify the geochemical processes and physical transport mechanisms controlling drainage quality, we monitored the weathering of five large-scale (20,000 t) instrumented waste-rock piles of variable and mixed-composition at the Antamina mine, Peru, in a decade-long monitoring program. Fine-grained, sulfidic waste rock with low-carbonate content exhibited high sulfide oxidation rates (1 g S kg(-1) waste rock yr(-1)) and within 7 years produced acidic (pH 3) drainage with high Cu and Zn concentrations in the g L-1 range. In contrast, drainage from coarse, carbonate-rich waste rock remained neutral for 10 years and had significantly lower metal loads. Efficient metal retention (99%) caused by sorption and secondary mineral formation of e.g., gypsum, Fe-(oxy)hydroxides, and Cu/Zn-hydroxysulfates enforced strong (temporary) controls on drainage quality. Furthermore, reactive waste-rock fractions, as small as 10% of total mass, dominated the overall drainage chemistry from the waste-rock piles through internal mixing. This study demonstrates that a reliable prediction of the timing and quality of waste-rock drainage on practice-relevant spatio-temporal scales requires a quantitative understanding of the prevailing in-situ porewater conditions, secondary mineralogy, and spatial distribution of reactive waste-rock fractions in composite piles. (C) 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
机译：矿山waste石的风化可导致释放金属负载和酸性的排水，这需要长期和昂贵的环境管理。为了确定和量化控制排水质量的地球化学过程和物理传输机制，我们在十年间监测了秘鲁Antamina矿场中五台大型（20,000吨）可变和混合成分的仪器化废石桩的风化，长时间的监控程序。低碳含量的细粒硫化废石表现出较高的硫化物氧化率（> 1 g S kg（-1）yr（-1）废石，并且在7年内产生了酸性（pH <3）排水且铜含量高锌的浓度在g L-1范围内。相反，从富含碳酸盐的粗waste石中抽出的废水保持中性超过10年，并且金属负荷明显降低。由石膏，Fe-（羟基）氢氧化物和Cu / Zn-羟基硫酸盐的吸附和二次矿物形成引起的有效金属保留（> 99％），对排水质量进行了严格的（临时）控制。此外，reactive石的反应活性成分（占总质量的10％）很小，它通过内部混合控制了from石堆的整体排水化学作用。这项研究表明，要在与实践相关的时空尺度上可靠地预测waste石排水的时间和质量，就需要对主要的原位孔隙水条件，次生矿物学和反应性waste石馏分的空间分布进行定量了解。在复合桩中。 （C）2018作者。由Elsevier Ltd.发布

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