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Bacterial Reduction In Genotoxicity Of Direct Red 28 Dye

机译：直接红28染料的遗传毒性细菌减少

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摘要

Direct Red 28 (DR28) is a benzidine-based azo dye widely used in several countries. It has also been a subject of intense research for its anti-prion activity. Like other benzidine-based azo dyes, it is also carcinogenic and toxic. However, there are very few studies addressing its detoxification. In the present study, a Bacillus velezensis strain was used for detoxification of DR28. Toxicity was checked by a battery of highly sensitive genotoxicity assays like comet assay, DNA ladder formation, terminal deoxynucleoti-dyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling assay and flow cytometric Annexin V binding assay. HL-60 cell line was used as the test system. All the assays showed an initial increase in toxicity upon biodegradation due to release of mutagenic products, like benzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl, from the dye. These intermediates caused significant DNA damage and induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. Then the culture degraded these mutagenic intermediates, due to which the toxicity was reduced gradually, finally resulting in nearly complete detoxification.
机译：直接红28（DR28）是一种基于联苯胺的偶氮染料，已在多个国家广泛使用。由于其抗-病毒的活性，它也已经受到广泛研究。像其他基于联苯胺的偶氮染料一样，它也具有致癌性和毒性。但是，针对其排毒的研究很少。在本研究中，使用Velacensis velezensis菌株对DR28进行解毒。通过一系列高度敏感的遗传毒性测定法（如彗星测定法，DNA阶梯形成法，末端脱氧核苷二基转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记测定法和流式细胞仪Annexin V结合测定法）来检查毒性。 HL-60细胞系用作测试系统。由于从染料中释放出了致突变性的产物，如联苯胺和4-氨基联苯，所有的分析都显示出生物降解后毒性的最初增加。这些中间体在HL-60细胞中引起了明显的DNA损伤并诱导了细胞凋亡。然后，培养物降解了这些诱变中间体，由于其毒性逐渐降低，最终导致了几乎完全的排毒。

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