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Outdoor weathering and dissolution of TNT and Tritonal

机译：TNT和Tritonal的户外风化和溶解

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摘要

Low-order detonations of military munitions scatter cm-sized chunks of high-explosives onto military range soils, where rainfall can dissolve and then transport the explosives to groundwater. We present 1 year of mass-loss data obtained from cm-sized chunks of the frequently used explosives TNT (2,4,6-tri-nitrotoluene) and Tritonal (an 80:20 mixture of TNT and aluminum flakes) exposed outdoors to weather and dissolve under natural conditions. The explosive chunks rested on glass frits in individual funnels and all precipitation interacting with them was collected and analyzed. Mass balance data reveal that TNT in the water samples accounts for only about one-third of the TNT lost from the chunks. The creation of photo-transformation products on the solid chunks, and their subsequent dissolution or sublimation, probably accounts for the other two-thirds. Although these products cannot, as yet, be quantified they are intrinsic to the outdoor weathering and fate of TNT-based explosives. TNT in our water samples was not photo-transformed. Thus, we used the yearlong, dissolved-mass time-series to validate a drop-impingement dissolution model for TNT. The model used measured rainfall and air temperature data as input, and the results agreed remarkably well with TNT dissolved-mass time-series measured for the year. This model can estimate annual TNT influx into range soils using annual rainfall and particle-size distributions. Nevertheless, large uncertainties remain in the numbers and sizes of TNT particles scattered on military ranges and the identities and fates of the photo-transformation products.
机译：军火的低序爆炸将数厘米大小的高爆炸药散布到军用土壤上，在那里降雨会溶解，然后将炸药运送到地下水中。我们提供了从厘米大小的常用爆炸物TNT（2,4,6-三硝基甲苯）和Tritonal（TNT和铝片的80:20混合物）中获得的1年质量损失数据并在自然条件下溶解。炸药块放在各个漏斗的玻璃料上，并收集和分析与之相互作用的所有沉淀物。质量平衡数据显示，水样中的TNT仅占从大块中损失的TNT的大约三分之一。在固体块上产生光转化产物，以及它们随后的溶解或升华，可能占另外三分之二。尽管这些产品尚无法量化，但它们是户外风化和TNT炸药命运的固有原因。我们的水样本中的TNT未进行光转化。因此，我们使用了为期一年的溶解质量时间序列来验证TNT的跌落碰撞溶出模型。该模型使用测得的降雨量和气温数据作为输入，结果与该年测得的TNT溶解质量时间序列非常吻合。该模型可以使用年降水量和粒度分布来估算每年TNT流入范围土壤的量。然而，在军事靶场上散布的TNT颗粒的数量和大小以及光转化产物的身份和命运仍然存在很大的不确定性。

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  • 来源
    《Chemosphere》 |2009年第10期|1338-1345|共8页
  • 作者

    Susan Taylor; James H. Lever; Jennifer Fadden; Nancy Perron; Bonnie Packer;

  • 作者单位

    Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, United States;

    Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, United States;

    Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, United States;

    Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, 72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH, United States;

    US Army Environmental Command, Hoadley Road, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《化学文摘》(CA);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    TNT; tritonal; dissolution model; outdoor tests; photo-transformation; fate;

    机译：TNT;三重音溶出度模型户外测试;光转化命运;

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