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Microbial indicators of heavy metal contamination in urban and rural soils

机译：城乡土壤中重金属污染的微生物指标

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Urban soils and especially their microbiology have been a neglected area of study. In this paper, we report on micro-bial properties of urban soils compared to rural soils of similar lithogenic origin in the vicinity of Aberdeen city. Significant differences in basal respiration rates, microbial biomass and ecophysiological parameters were found in urban soils compared to rural soils. Analysis of community level physiological profiles (CLPP) of micro-organisms showed they consumed C sources faster in urban soils to maintain the same level activity as those in rural soils. Cu, Pb, Zn and Ni were the principal elements that had accumulated in urban soils compared with their rural counterparts with Pb being the most significant metal to distinguish urban soils from rural soils. Sequential extraction showed the final residue after extraction was normally the highest proportion except for Pb, for which the hydroxylamine-hydrochloride extractable Pb was the largest part. Acetic acid extractable fraction of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were higher in urban soils and aqua regia extractable fraction were lower suggesting an elevated availability of heavy metals in urban soils. Correlation analyses between different microbial indicators (basal respiration, biomass-C, and sole C source tests) and heavy metal fractions indicated that basal respiration was negatively correlated with soil Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn inputs while soil microbial biomass was only significantly correlated with Pb. However, both exchangeable and iron- and manganese-bound Ni fractions were mostly responsible for shift of the soil microbial community level physiological profiles (sole C source tests). These data suggest soil microbial indicators can be useful indicators of pollutant heavy metal stress on the health of urban soils.
机译：城市土壤，尤其是其微生物学已成为被忽视的研究领域。在本文中，我们报告了阿伯丁市附近城市土壤与成岩成因相似的农村土壤相比的微生物特性。与农村土壤相比，城市土壤的基础呼吸速率，微生物生物量和生态生理参数存在显着差异。对微生物群落水平生理特征（CLPP）的分析表明，它们在城市土壤中消耗碳源的速度更快，以维持与农村土壤中相同的水平活动。与农村相比，铜，铅，锌和镍是城市土壤中积累的主要元素，铅是区分城市土壤和农村土壤的最重要金属。顺序萃取表明，萃取后的最终残留物通常是最高的比例，但铅除外，其中羟胺盐酸盐可萃取的铅是最大的一部分。在城市土壤中，Cd，Cu，Ni，Pb和Zn的乙酸可萃取分数较高，而王水中可萃取的乙酸分数较低，表明城市土壤中重金属的利用率较高。不同微生物指标（基础呼吸，生物量碳和唯一碳源测试）与重金属含量之间的相关分析表明，基础呼吸与土壤Cd，Cu，Ni和Zn的投入呈负相关，而土壤微生物量仅与Cd，Cu，Ni和Zn的投入呈负相关。铅但是，可交换的和结合铁和结合锰的Ni分数都主要负责土壤微生物群落水平的生理特征的变化（唯一的C源测试）。这些数据表明土壤微生物指标可以作为污染物重金属胁迫对城市土壤健康的有用指标。

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