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Proteorhodopsin-A new path for biological utilization of light energy in the sea

机译：视紫红质-海洋生物利用光能的新途径

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The breakthrough of environmental genomics of marine microbes has revealed the existence of eubacterial rhodopsin in the sea, named proteorhodopsin (PR), which can take light to produce bio-energy for cell metabolism. Gene and protein sequence analysis and laser flash-induced photolysis experiments have validated the function of PR as light-driven proton-pump. During the pumping process, light energy is transformed into chemical gradient potential across plasma inner-membrane, the potential energy is then used to synthesize ATP. The finding of PR actually brings to light a novel pathway of sunlight utilization existing in heterotrophic eubacteria in contrast to the well-known chlorophyll-dependent photosynthesis in the sea. Since the group of PR-bearing bacteria is one of the numerically richest microorganisms on the Earth, accounting for 13 percent of the total in sea surface water, and with averaged cellular PR molecules of 2.5 X 10~4, PR-bearing bacteria are a key component not to be ignored in energy metabolism and carbon cycling in the sea. Based on the understanding of current literature and our own investigation on PR in the China seas which indicated a ubiquitous presence and high diversity of PR in all the marine environments, we propose a conceptual model of energy flow and carbon cycling driven by both pigment-dependent and -independent biological utilization of light in the ocean.
机译：海洋微生物的环境基因组学的突破揭示了海洋中存在真细菌视紫红质，称为蛋白视紫红质（PR），它可以吸收光以产生用于细胞代谢的生物能。基因和蛋白质序列分析以及激光闪光诱导的光解实验已经验证了PR作为光驱动质子泵的功能。在泵浦过程中，光能被转换成跨等离子体内膜的化学梯度势，然后该势能被用于合成ATP。 PR的发现实际上揭示了异养性真细菌中存在的利用阳光的新途径，这与海洋中众所周知的依赖叶绿素的光合作用相反。由于携带PR的细菌是地球上数量最丰富的微生物之一，占海表水总量的13％，平均细胞内PR分子为2.5 X 10〜4，因此携带PR的细菌是一种细菌。海洋中能量代谢和碳循环中不可忽视的关键成分。基于对当前文献的理解以及我们对中国海中PR的调查表明，在所有海洋环境中PR普遍存在并且多样性高，我们提出了一种由色素依赖驱动的能量流和碳循环的概念模型。以及海洋中光的独立生物利用。

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