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Coupling and feedback between iron and sulphur in air-sea exchange

机译：铁-硫在海-气交换中的耦合与反馈

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Iron in surface seawater has been demonstrated to be the limiting nutrient factor for primary productivity in certain oceanic regions. In 1992 we reported in Na-ture at first Fe(Ⅱ) existence in marine aerosols over the remote Pacific and Atlantic and proposed the hypothesis of coupling and feedback between iron and sulfur in air-sea exchange. We recently detected a considerable amount of Fe(Ⅱ) in the aerosols collected during dust storm in Beijing. The concentration of Fe(Ⅱ) in the dust storm was as high as 1.8-4.3 μg· m~(-3) that accounted for 1.4%-2.6% of the total Fe mass concentration in aerosols, while Fe( Ⅱ) in the aerosols collected from non-dust storm days was 0.7% of the total Fe. Fe and S concentrations in the dust storm aerosol samples represent a very positive correlationship. The size distribution of Fe, Fe( Ⅱ), and S in either dust storm particles or the normal aerosols showed the same peak at 1-3 μm. The oxidation of S(Ⅳ) under natural light and UV in addition of Fe(Ⅲ) was 6.5 and 14 times faster respectively compared with that of non-addition. The photoreduction of Fe(Ⅲ) to Fe( Ⅱ), through the formation of an OH radical, associated with the oxidation of S(Ⅳ) to S(Ⅵ) could account for ～3%-20% of the formation of non-sea salt sulfate aerosols at Midway, central Pacific. These results further support the Fe-S coupling hypothesis. From consideration of both the marine biological production of dimethyIsulphide (DMS) and the subsequent oxidation of reduced forms of sulfur in the atmosphere, the iron and sulphur cycles in both the atmosphere and the ocean may be closely coupled.
机译：在某些海洋地区，表层海水中的铁已被证明是限制初级生产力的营养因子。在1992年，我们报道了Na-ture中最早的Fe（Ⅱ）存在于偏远的太平洋和大西洋的海洋气溶胶中，并提出了铁与硫在海-气交换中耦合和反馈的假设。我们最近在北京的沙尘暴中收集到的气溶胶中检测到大量的Fe（Ⅱ）。沙尘暴中的Fe（Ⅱ）浓度高达1.8-4.3μg·m〜（-3），占气溶胶中总Fe质量浓度的1.4％-2.6％，而Fe（Ⅱ）在气溶胶中的总质量浓度为1.4％-2.6％。从非沙尘暴天收集的气溶胶占铁总量的0.7％。沙尘暴气溶胶样品中的Fe和S浓度表现出非常正的相关性。在沙尘暴颗粒或正常气溶胶中，Fe，Fe（Ⅱ）和S的粒径分布在1-3μm处出现相同的峰。与未添加相比，在自然光和紫外线下添加Fe（Ⅲ）时，S（Ⅳ）的氧化速度分别快6.5和14倍。 Fe（Ⅲ）通过形成OH自由基与S（Ⅳ）氧化为S（Ⅵ）的反应光还原为Fe（Ⅱ），约占非-形成的〜3％-20％。太平洋中部中途岛的海盐硫酸盐气溶胶。这些结果进一步支持了Fe-S耦合假设。考虑到海洋生物产生二甲基硫醚（DMS）和随后氧化还原形式的硫在大气中的作用，大气和海洋中的铁和硫循环可能紧密耦合。

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