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Classification of chromosome segregation errors in cancer

机译：癌症中染色体分离错误的分类

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Abnormal chromosome segregation at mitosis is one way by which neoplastic cells accumulate the many genetic abnormalities required for tumour development. In this paper, a straightforward morphology-based classification of chromosome segregation errors in cancer is suggested. This classification distinguishes between abnormalities in spindle symmetry (spindle multipolarity, size-asymmetry of ana-telophase poles) and abnormalities in sister chromatid segregation (chromosome bridges, chromatid bridges, chromosome lagging, acentric fragment lagging). Often, these categories of errors must be combined to accurately describe the events in a single abnormal mitotic cell. The suggested categories can to some extent be distinguished by standard chromatin staining. However, labelling of abnormal mitotic figures by fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence enhances the accuracy of classification and also allows visualisation of the segregation of individual chromosomes, making it possible to detect non-disjunction also in the absence of gross alterations in mitotic morphology. Further characterisation of the molecular alterations leading to abnormal chromosome segregation together with the current developments in nano-level and real-time imaging will undoubtedly lead to an improved understanding of chromosome dynamics in cancer cells. Any morphology-based classification of chromosome segregation errors in cancer must therefore be taken as provisional, anticipating a satisfactory integration of morphology and molecular biology.
机译：有丝分裂上异常的染色体分离是肿瘤细胞积累肿瘤发展所需的许多遗传异常的一种方式。在本文中，提出了一种基于形态学的简单的癌症染色体分离错误分类方法。该分类将纺锤体对称性异常（纺锤体多极，末梢相极的大小不对称）与姐妹染色单体分离的异常（染色体桥，染色单体桥，染色体滞后，无心片段滞后）区分开来。通常，必须组合这些类别的错误以准确描述单个异常有丝分裂细胞中的事件。建议的类别在一定程度上可以通过标准染色质染色来区分。但是，通过荧光原位杂交和免疫荧光标记异常的有丝分裂图形可以提高分类的准确性，并且还可以可视化单个染色体的分离，从而即使在无丝分裂形态发生重大变化的情况下也可以检测到非分离。导致异常染色体分离的分子改变的进一步表征以及纳米级和实时成像的当前发展无疑将导致对癌细胞中染色体动力学的更好的理解。因此，必须将癌症中染色体分离错误的任何基于形态学的分类视为临时分类，以期待形态学和分子生物学的令人满意的结合。

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    《Chromosoma》 |2008年第6期|p.511-519|共9页
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    David Gisselsson;

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