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Unpacking the paradox of 'insecure' housing rights in China: Urban residents' perceptions on institutional credibility

机译：揭开中国“不安全”住房权的悖论：城市居民对制度公信力的看法

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Formal or de jure property rights are deemed conditional for development in a neo-liberal reading. Paradoxically, real estate underwent explosive development even though China's rights for housing are informal, ambiguous, and insecure. This article intends to explain this contradiction by examining how Chinese urban residents perceive the credibility of housing rights from three perspectives, i.e., ownership, land lease, and the 70-year lease term. The study is based on a survey (n = 1207) demonstrating: i) half of the respondents are indifferent about formalization policies; ii) 92 percent have never experienced housing-related conflicts, however, of those reporting conflict, close to half indicated demolition as the source; iii) housing ownership is considered important for most while the land use (or lease) permit is considerably less relevant, and the lease term is considered insignificant. Three conclusions can be drawn. First, urban residents have no preference for a "full bundle" of formal rights. Second, although low conflict indicates credibility of the current rights structure, there are risks to social stability due to expropriation. Three, credibility hinges on combinations of (in)formality and (in)security rather than being a direct function of formalization. Findings emphasize a need to rethink the property rights theory in terms of credibility, conflict, and time.
机译：在新自由主义的解读中，正式或法律上的产权被认为是发展的条件。矛盾的是，即使中国的住房权是非正式，模棱两可和不安全的，房地产也经历了爆炸性的发展。本文旨在通过从所有权，土地租赁和70年租赁期限这三个角度考察中国城市居民如何看待住房权的可信度来解释这一矛盾。该研究基于一项调查（n = 1207），该调查表明：i）一半的受访者对形式化政策无动于衷; ii）92％的人从未经历过与住房有关的冲突，但是，在那些报告冲突的人中，将近一半的人以拆迁为根源; iii）在大多数情况下，住房所有权被认为是重要的，而土地使用（或租赁）许可证的相关性则不那么重要，并且租赁期限被认为微不足道。可以得出三个结论。首先，城市居民没有“完整的”正式权利的偏好。其次，尽管冲突少表明当前的权利结构是可信的，但由于被征收而存在社会稳定的风险。第三，可信度取决于（不正式）和（不安全）的组合，而不是形式化的直接功能。研究结果强调有必要在信誉，冲突和时间方面重新考虑产权理论。

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