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'Hosting the world' The 2010 World Cup and the new military urbanism

机译：“承办世界” 2010年世界杯足球赛和新型军事都市主义

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Using the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa as a case study, this paper will explore how security measures for sports mega-events have been steadily militarized with policing operations comparable to war planning. It will be argued that this is representative of the 'new military urbanism' in which everyday urban life is rendered as a site of ubiquitous risk leading to the increased diffusion of military tactics and doctrines in policing and policy. While the interpenetration between urbanism and militarism has often been studied against the context of the War on Terror, the paper will argue that in the case of South Africa this has primarily been accelerated by a pervasive social fear of violent crime, which has resulted in the securitization of cities, the remilitarization of policing and the intensification of a historical legacy ofsocio-spatial inequalities. The South African government used the World Cup to 'rebrand' the country's violent international image, while promising that security measures would leave a legacy of safer cities for ordinary South Africans. However, using military urbanism as a conceptual backdrop, the case studies presented in the second part of the paper argue that policing measures were primarily cosmetic and designed to allay the fears of foreign tourists and the national middle class. In practice, security measures pivoted around the enforcement of social control and urban marginalization while serving as a training ground for an increasingly repressive state security apparatus. The paper will conclude with a discussion of how the global crossover between militarism and urbanism threatens to stimulate and rehabilitate deeply entrenched authoritarian tendencies in South Africa.
机译：以2010年南非FIFA世界杯为例，本文将探讨如何通过与战争计划相类似的维持治安行动，稳定地将大型体育赛事的安全措施军事化。有人认为，这代表了“新的军事都市主义”，在其中，每天的城市生活被视为无处不在的风险之地，导致军事策略和理论在警务和政策中的传播越来越广泛。尽管经常在反恐战争的背景下研究城市化与军国主义之间的相互渗透，但本文将指出，在南非，这主要是由于社会普遍对暴力犯罪的恐惧而加速的，这导致了城市证券化，维持治安的军事化以及社会空间不平等的历史遗产的加剧。南非政府利用世界杯“重塑”了该国暴力的国际形象，同时承诺采取安全措施将为普通的南非人留下更安全的城市遗产。但是，以军事都市主义为概念背景，本文第二部分提出的案例研究认为，维持治安措施主要是表面上的，旨在减轻外国游客和国民中产阶级的恐惧。在实践中，安全措施围绕着社会控制和城市边缘化的实施而展开，同时也为日益压制的国家安全机构提供了训练场。本文最后将讨论全球军国主义与城市主义之间的交叉如何威胁到刺激和恢复南非根深蒂固的威权主义倾向。

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