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Investigating the performance of ammonium sulphate draw solution in fertilizer drawn forward osmosis process

机译：研究硫酸铵汲取溶液在肥料正向渗透过程中的性能

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This work investigated the performance of ammonium sulphate as a draw solution in a fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) desalination process using thin-film composite (TFC) membrane. Performance has been assessed by the water flux, reverse permeation and the forward rejection of the feed solutes. A logarithmic relation has been determined between flux and ammonium sulphate concentration. As water flux increased, the specific reverse solute flux (SRSF) of NH4 (+) and SO4 (2-) ions dropped, which is a favourable condition. Reverse permeation values obtained at flux less than 10 L/m(2)/h are significantly higher than that for flux more than 10 L/m(2)/h. Thus, it is recommended to operate the process at a flux higher than 10 L/m(2)/h to avoid loss of draw solute by reverse permeation. SRSF was almost constant irrespective of ammonium sulphate concentration. TFC membrane used in this study exhibited high rejection of feed solution ions for almost all draw solution concentrations except when operated at low ammonium sulphate concentration and high feed solution concentration. In conclusion, ammonium sulphate is an efficient draw solution for FDFO process when run at water flux more than 10 L/m(2)/h exhibiting high osmotic pressure, low reverse solute permeation and high rejection of feed solute.
机译：这项工作研究了硫酸铵在使用薄膜复合（TFC）膜的肥料向前渗透（FDFO）脱盐工艺中作为汲取溶液的性能。通过水通量，反向渗透和进料溶质的正向排斥来评估性能。已确定通量和硫酸铵浓度之间的对数关系。随着水通量的增​​加，NH4（+）和SO4（2-）离子的比逆溶质通量（SRSF）下降，这是一个有利条件。流量小于10 L / m（2）/ h时获得的反渗透值显着高于流量大于10 L / m（2）/ h时的反渗透值。因此，建议以高于10 L / m（2）/ h的通量运行该工艺，以避免因反向渗透而损失抽提溶质。 SRSF几乎恒定，与硫酸铵浓度无关。在本研究中使用的TFC膜对几乎所有汲取溶液浓度都显示出高的进料溶液离子截留率，除非在低硫酸铵浓度和高进料溶液浓度下操作。总之，当水流量大于10 L / m（2）/ h时，表现出高的渗透压，低的反向溶质渗透性和高的进料溶质截留率，硫酸铵是FDFO工艺的有效抽取解决方案。

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