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首页> 外文期刊>Clean technologies and environmental policy >Environmental and economic issues concerning the use of wet scrubbers coupled to bagasse-fired boilers: a case study in the Brazilian sugarcane industry
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Environmental and economic issues concerning the use of wet scrubbers coupled to bagasse-fired boilers: a case study in the Brazilian sugarcane industry

机译：关于使用湿式洗涤器的环境和经济问题加上巴西燃烧锅炉：以巴西甘蔗产业为例

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For decades, wet scrubbers have been used to control particulate matter (PM) emitted by bagasse-fired boilers in the sugarcane industry. This choice was justified by their acceptable performance in meeting environmental standards, the abundance of water resources, and the fact that their operation was simpler and less expensive than other dry cleaning operations. However, the progressive tightening of PM emission limits, as well as the need for more rational water and wastewater management in these applications, has changed this aspect of the industry. Despite the extensive technical literature on wet scrubbers, the lack of up-to-date indicators of their performance in sugarcane industries has prevented the optimization of wet scrubbing processes. This paper clearly shows that the use of wet scrubbers can result in significant water and heat losses, as well as high operating costs for wastewater treatment stations (WTSs). Mass and energy balances were determined for a typical ethanol-sugar plant operating in Brazil, which is the world's largest sugarcane producer. The key boiler and scrubber performance indicators were evaluated experimentally over the course of a crop season and were compared to the legal particulate emission and water quality requirements in Brazil. The boiler processed an average of 114.8 t/h of bagasse containing 46.8% moisture and generated 4.75 t of gas and 28.2 kg of PM for each ton of dry burned bagasse. Of the total PM (ash and soot), 68% was collected as dry material in the grate, heat exchangers, and multicyclone; 25% was collected in the wet scrubber; and 7% was emitted to the atmosphere, in compliance with the Brazilian standards. The operation of the WTS linked to the gas cleaning system was inefficient, using 70% of the water to convey the dry PM retained in the boiler, heat exchangers, and multicyclone and only 30% to operate the wet scrubber. Evaporation caused the loss of 10.5% of the scrubbing water to the atmosphere. The transportation of moist cake (7.9 t/h, 78% wb) for disposal in fields resulted in significant fuel costs and water losses. The operation of the WTS accounted for 62% of the total capital expenditure of the cleaning system, while the wet scrubber accounted for only 38%. This work provides updated performance indicators and alternatives for optimizing a gas cleaning system to promote more rational water and wastewater management and savings for the sugarcane sector.
机译：几十年来，湿式洗涤器已经用于控制甘蔗工业中巴斯斯燃烧锅炉发出的颗粒物质（PM）。这一选择是通过其可接受的表现在满足环境标准，水资源丰富的情况下是合理的，以及他们的操作更简单，比其他干洗操作便宜的事实。然而，PM排放限制的逐步收缩，以及在这些应用中需要更多的合理水和废水管理，改变了该行业的这一方面。尽管在湿式洗涤器上提供了广泛的技术文献，但甘蔗产业中缺乏最新的表现指标，防止了湿式擦洗过程的优化。本文清楚地表明，湿式洗涤器的使用可能导致显着的水和热损失，以及污水处理站（WTSS）的高运行成本。在巴西运营的典型乙醇 - 糖厂确定了质量和能量余额，这是世界上最大的甘蔗生产商。在作物季节进行了实验评估了关键锅炉和洗涤器性能指标，并与巴西的法律颗粒发射和水质要求进行了评估。锅炉平均加工114.8吨/小时的甘蔗渣，含有46.8％的水分，并产生4.75吨气体，每吨干烧伤的甘蔗渣为28.2千克PM。在总PM（灰和烟灰）中，68％被收集为炉排，热交换器和多岩体的干燥材料;在湿式洗涤器中收集25％;符合巴西标准，7％的气氛被排放到大气中。连接到气体清洁系统的WTS的操作效率低，使用70％的水来传送保留在锅炉，热交​​换器和多环内的干扰，仅30％以操作湿式洗涤器。蒸发导致损失10.5％的擦洗水到大气中。潮湿蛋糕的运输（7.9吨/小时，78％WB），导致燃料成本显着燃料成本和水分损失。 WTS的运作占清洁系统总资本支出的62％，而湿式洗涤器仅占38％。这项工作提供了更新的性能指标和优化气体清洁系统的替代方案，以促进更多合理的水和废水管理和甘蔗部门的节省。

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