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Numerical investigation with a coupled single-column lake-atmosphere model: using the Alpert-Stein factor separation methodology to assess the sensitivity of surface interactions

机译：耦合单柱湖泊-大气模型的数值研究：使用Alpert-Stein因子分离方法评估表面相互作用的敏感性

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摘要

A coupled single-column atmosphere-lake model, along with the Stein-Alpert factor separation methodology, is used to explore some of the non-linear interactions in the vertical dimension between the lower atmosphere and the deep-Lake Geneva, Switzerland, during three selected periods in 1990. The first from the end of April to the end of May when Lake Geneva was building its stratification, the second from mid-August to mid-September during stable stratification, and the third from the end of November to the end of December during destratification. It is recognized that the large thermal inertia of Lake Geneva reduces the surface annual and diurnal temperature variations for neighbouring regions. However, the question of how the open water and the overlying atmosphere interact and which of these "factors" has the most influence needs much attention. The sole presence of the lake is shown to be a major feature with regard to the surface energy budget components whose contributions counteract those of the lower atmosphere, thus supporting the fact that Lake Geneva acts as a damping factor to the regional climate system. It is also shown that not only did the presence of the lake and the overlying atmosphere independently modulate the surface energy budget, but also the synergistic nonlinear interaction among them, either positive or negative, was often found non-negligible. Moreover, some processes may turn out to be important on short time scales while being negligible on the long term.
机译：耦合的单柱大气-湖模型和Stein-Alpert因子分离方法一起，被用于研究低空大气与瑞士日内瓦深湖在三个方向上在垂直方向上的一些非线性相互作用。是1990年的特定时期。第一次是从4月底到5月底，即日内瓦湖正在进行分层；第二次是从8月中旬到9月中旬，期间是稳定分层；第三次是从11月底到年底。分层期间的12月。公认的是，日内瓦湖的大热惯性减少了邻近地区的地表年度和昼夜温度变化。但是，开放水域与周围大气如何相互作用以及这些“因素”中影响最大的问题需要引起高度重视。就地表能量收支组成部分而言，它的唯一作用是抵消了低层大气的贡献，这表明该湖的唯一存在是一个主要特征，从而支持了日内瓦湖成为区域气候系统的阻尼因子这一事实。还表明，不仅湖泊的存在和上层大气独立地调节了表面能收支，而且经常发现它们之间的协同非线性相互作用，无论是正的还是负的，都是不可忽略的。此外，某些过程在短期内可能很重要，而从长期来看却可以忽略不计。

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