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首页> 外文期刊>Climate dynamics >Hydrological changes in the climate system from leaf responses to increasing CO_2
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Hydrological changes in the climate system from leaf responses to increasing CO_2

机译：从叶片响应到CO_2增加，气候系统中的水文变化

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Vegetation is a major component of the climate system because of its controls on the energy and water balance over land. This functioning changes because of the physiological response of leaves to increased CO_2. A climate model is used to compare these changes with the climate changes from radiative forcing by greenhouse gases. For this purpose, we use the Community Earth System Model coupled to a slab ocean. Ensemble integrations are done for current and doubled CO_2. The consequent reduction of transpiration and net increase of surface radiative heating from reduction in cloudiness increases the temperature over land by a significant fraction of that directly from the radiative warming by CO_2. Large-scale atmospheric circulation adjustments result. In particular, over the tropics, a low-level westerly wind anomaly develops associated with reduced geopotential height over land, enhancing moisture transport and convergence, and precipitation increases over the western Amazon, the Congo basin, South Africa, and Indonesia, while over mid-latitudes, land precipitation decreases from reduced evapotranspiration. On average, land precipitation is enhanced by 0.03 mm day~(-1) (about 19 % of the CO_2 radiative forcing induced increase). This increase of land precipitation with decreased ET is an apparent negative feedback, i.e., less ET makes more precipitation. Global precipitation is slightly reduced. Runoff increases associated with both the increased land precipitation and reduced evapotranspiration. Examining the consistency of the variations among ensemble members shows that vegetation feedbacks on precipitation are more robust over the tropics and in mid to high latitudes than over the subtropics where vegetation is sparse and the internal climate variability has a larger influence.
机译：植被是气候系统的主要组成部分，因为它控制着土地上的能量和水的平衡。由于叶子对增加的CO_2的生理反应，所以这种功能发生了变化。使用气候模型将这些变化与温室气体辐射强迫引起的气候变化进行比较。为此，我们将社区地球系统模型与平板海洋耦合使用。对于当前和翻倍的CO_2，完成了集成集成。多云减少导致的蒸腾作用的减少和表面辐射加热的净增加使陆地上的温度增加了直接由CO_2辐射变暖直接引起的温度的很大一部分。结果是大规模的大气环流调节。特别是在热带地区，低空的西风异常随着陆地上的地势高度减小，水汽输送和汇聚而发展，而西部亚马逊河，刚果盆地，南非和印度尼西亚的降水增加，而中期-纬度，由于蒸散量的减少，土地降水减少。平均而言，土地降水增加了0.03 mm day〜（-1）（约占CO_2辐射强迫引起的增加的19％）。随着ET的减少，土地降水量的增加显然是负反馈，即，更少的ET会使更多的降水。全球降水略有减少。径流增加与土地降水增加和蒸散量减少有关。研究整体成员之间变化的一致性表明，与热带地区植被稀疏且内部气候变化影响较大的亚热带地区相比，热带地区和中高纬度地区的植被对降水的反馈更为稳定。

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