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Sensitivity of tropical Atlantic climate to mixing in a coupled ocean-atmosphere model

机译：海洋-大气耦合模型中热带大西洋气候对混合的敏感性

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摘要

The sensitivity of tropical Atlantic climate to upper ocean mixing is investigated using an ocean-only model and a coupled ocean-atmosphere model. The upper ocean thermal structure and associated atmospheric circulation prove to be strongly related to the strength of upper ocean mixing. Using the heat balance in the mixed layer it is shown that an excessively cold equatorial cold tongue can be attributed to entrainment flux at the base of the oceanic mixed layer, that is too large. Enhanced entrainment efficiency acts to deepen the mixed layer and causes strong reduction in the upper ocean divergence in the central equatorial Atlantic. As a result, the simulated sea surface temperature, thermocline structure, and upwelling velocities are close to the observed estimates. In the coupled model, the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) reduces when the entrainment efficiency in the oceanic mixed layer is enhanced. The precipitation rates decrease in the equatorial region and increase along 10°N, resulting in a more realistic Atlantic Marine ITCZ. The reduced meridional surface temperature gradient in the eastern tropical Atlantic prohibits the development of convective precipitation in the southeastern part of the tropical Atlantic. Also, the simulation of tropical Atlantic variability as expressed in the meridional gradient mode and the eastern cold tongue mode improves when the entrainment efficiency is enhanced.
机译：使用仅海洋模型和耦合的海洋-大气模型研究了热带大西洋气候对上层海洋混合的敏感性。事实证明，上层海洋的热力结构和相关的大气环流与上层海洋混合的强度密切相关。利用混合层中的热平衡表明，赤道过冷的舌头过冷可能是由于海洋混合层底部的夹带通量太大所致。增强的夹带效率起到加深混合层的作用，并导致赤道中大西洋大西洋上层海洋发散度大大降低。结果，模拟的海面温度，跃层结构和上升流速度都接近观测值。在耦合模型中，当海洋混合层中的夹带效率提高时，热带辐合带（ITCZ）的季节性迁移减少。赤道区域的降水率下降，并沿10°N上升，这导致了更现实的大西洋海洋ITCZ。东部热带大西洋的子午面温度梯度降低，阻止了热带大西洋东南部对流降水的发展。另外，当提高夹带效率时，以经向梯度模式和东部冷舌模式表示的热带大西洋变化的模拟也将改善。

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