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首页> 外文期刊>Climate dynamics >Dynamical downscaling the impact of spring Western US land surface temperature on the 2015 flood extremes at the Southern Great Plains: effect of domain choice, dynamic cores and land surface parameterization
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Dynamical downscaling the impact of spring Western US land surface temperature on the 2015 flood extremes at the Southern Great Plains: effect of domain choice, dynamic cores and land surface parameterization

机译：动态缩减春季春季美国西部地表温度对2015年大平原南部洪灾的影响：域选择，动态核心和地表参数化的影响

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Recent studies have shown that spring land surface temperature (LST) and subsurface temperature (SUBT) over the high elevation areas in the western US (WUS) have significant impacts on the downstream summer droughts/floods in North America. In this paper, both the National Centers for Environmental PredictionGlobal Forecast System (NCEP-GFS) general circulation model (GCM) and the weather research and forecasting (WRF) regional climate model (RCM) are employed, where RCM scenarios utilized initial and lateral boundary conditions derived from the corresponding NCEP-GFS scenarios. Here we use a late spring flood in the US Southern Great Plains (SGP) case to examine whether simulation of the LST/SUBT downstream effects is sensitive to the domain size choice, change in dynamical cores within the same model, as well as to the representation of surface processes parameterizations. Although all RCM experiments with different settings simulate reasonably geographical patterns of observed LST and precipitation anomalies, we found that the choice of the domain size is crucial for proper downscaling the LST/SUBT downstream effects to accurately produce the observed precipitation/LST anomalies over the SGP/WUS, respectively, along with the associated large-scale features. The southern boundary location has been identified to be crucial in producing the SGP Low Level Jet strength, which in turn brings more moisture from the Gulf of Mexico to the SGP and thereby resulting in a better simulation of the precipitation anomaly in that area. The sensitivity of the simulation of the LST/SUBT downstream effect to dynamical cores is assessed by inter-comparing the Non-hydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) and the Advanced Research WRF dynamic cores. We find NMM was better at generating the large-scale eastward wave train, a crucial process associated with the LST/SUBT downstream effect. Meanwhile, this study also shows that the LST/SUBT downstream effects were not significantly dependent on the surface process parameterizations, although the Simplified Simple Biosphere model version 3(SSiB3) highlighted a better performance over SSiB2.
机译：最近的研究表明，美国西部（WUS）高海拔地区的春季土地表面温度（LST）和地下温度（SUBT）对北美下游的夏季干旱/洪水有重大影响。本文采用了国家环境预测中心全球预报系统（NCEP-GFS）的一般环流模型（GCM）和天气研究与预报（WRF）的区域气候模型（RCM），其中RCM方案利用了初始边界和横向边界条件来自相应的NCEP-GFS方案。在这里，我们使用美国南部大平原（SGP）案例中的春末洪水来检查LST / SUBT下游效应的模拟是否对域大小选择，同一模型内的动态核心变化以及对模型的敏感性是否敏感。表面工艺参数化的表示。尽管所有具有不同设置的RCM实验都合理地模拟了观测到的LST和降水异常的地理模式，但我们发现域大小的选择对于适当缩减LST / SUBT下游效应以准确产生SGP上观测到的降水/ LST异常至关重要。 / WUS，以及相关的大规模功能。已经确定南部边界位置对于产生SGP低空急流强度至关重要，这反过来又将更多的水分从墨西哥湾带到SGP，从而更好地模拟了该地区的降水异常。通过将非静水中尺度模型（NMM）与Advanced Research WRF动态岩心进行比较，可以评估LST / SUBT下游效应对动态岩心的模拟敏感性。我们发现NMM在生成大型东向波列方面更好，这是与LST / SUBT下游效应相关的关键过程。同时，这项研究还表明，尽管简化的简单生物圈模型版本3（SSiB3）突出显示了优于SSiB2的性能，但LST / SUBT的下游影响并不明显取决于表面工艺参数设置。

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