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The present and future offshore wind resource in the Southwestern African region

机译：非洲地区西南部地区的现今和未来的海上风力资源

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摘要

In the last decades, offshore wind harvesting has increased enormously, and is seen as a renewable energy resource with great potential in many regions of the world. Therefore, it is crucial to understand how this resource will evolve in a warming climate. In the present study, offshore wind resource in the Southwestern African region is analysed for the present and future climates. A ROM (REMO-OASIS-MPIOM) climate simulation in uncoupled and coupled atmosphere-ocean mode, at 25 km horizontal resolution, and a multi-model ensemble built with a set of regional climate models from the CORDEX-Africa experiment at 0.44 degrees resolution were used. The projected changes of the offshore wind energy density throughout the twenty-first century are examined following the RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 greenhouse gas emissions scenarios. Characterised by strong coastal-parallel winds, the Southwestern African offshore region shows high values of wind energy density at 100 m, up to 1500 Wm(-2) near the coast, particularly offshore Namibia and west South Africa. Conversely, along Angola's coast the available offshore wind energy density is lower. Throughout the twenty-first century, for the weaker climate mitigation scenario (RCP8.5), an increase of the offshore wind resource is projected to occur along Namibia and South African western coasts, more pronounced at the end of the century (+ 24%), while a decrease is projected along Angola's coasts, reaching a negative anomaly of about - 32%. Smaller changes but with the same pattern are projected for the stronger climate mitigation scenario (RCP4.5). The future deployment of offshore floating hub turbines placed at higher heights may allow higher production of energy in this region. Along offshore Namibia and west South Africa, the wind energy density at 250 m showed differences that range between 30 and 50% relative to wind energy density at 100 m.
机译：在过去的几十年中，海上风收获巨大增加，被视为世界上许多地区的可再生能源资源。因此，了解这种资源如何在温暖的气候中发展至关重要。在本研究中，为现在和未来的气候分析了西南非洲地区的海上风力资源。 rom（remo-oasis-mpiom）在未耦合和耦合的大气模式下的rom（remo-oasis-mpiom）气候模拟，25 km水平分辨率，以及一系列来自Cordex-africa实验的一套区域气候模型，包括0.44度的区域气候模型被使用了。在RCP4.5和RCP8.5温室气体排放场景中审查了在二十一世纪近岸风能密度的预计变化。西南非洲海岸地区以强烈的沿海平行风而设计，靠近海岸，特别是南非海岸，南非海岸，高达1500瓦米（-2），距离纳米比亚和西南非洲海岸等1500瓦米（-2）高。相反，沿安哥拉的海岸可用的海上风能密度较低。在二十一世纪，为较弱的气候缓解场景（RCP8.5），预计海上风力资源的增加将在纳米比亚和南非西海岸发生，在本世纪末更加明显（+ 24％） ），沿安哥拉海岸投射减少，达到约 - 32％的负异常。更大的变化，但具有相同的模式，为更强的气候缓解场景（RCP4.5）预计。未来浮动枢纽涡轮机处于更高高度的近海浮式涡轮机可以允许在该区域中更高的能量产生。沿着海上纳米比亚和西南非洲，风能密度为250米，差异在100米处相对于风能密度为30％和50％。

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