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Impact of ocean heat transport on the Arctic sea-ice decline: a model study with EC-Earth3

机译：海洋热运输对北极海冰的影响：EC-earth3的模型研究

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The recent increase in Atlantic and Pacific ocean heat transports has led to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. As the respective contributions from both oceans in driving sea-ice loss is still uncertain, our study explores this. We use the EC-Earth3 coupled global climate model and perform different sensitivity experiments to gain insights into the relationships between ocean heat transport and Arctic sea ice. In these model experiments, the sea-surface temperature is artificially increased in different regions of the North Atlantic and North Pacific Oceans and with different levels of warming. All the experiments lead to enhanced ocean heat transport, and consequently to a decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. We show that the wider the domain in which the sea-surface temperature is increased and the larger the level of warming, the larger the increase in ocean heat transport and the stronger the decrease in Arctic sea-ice area and volume. We also find that for a same amount of ocean heat transport increase, the reductions in Arctic sea-ice area and volume are stronger when the sea-surface temperature increase is imposed in the North Pacific, compared to the North Atlantic. This is explained by the lower-salinity water at the Bering Strait and atmospheric warming of the North Atlantic Ocean in the Pacific experiments. Finally, we find that the sea-ice loss is mainly driven by reduced basal growth along the sea-ice edge and enhanced basal melt in the Central Arctic. This confirms that the ocean heat transport is the primary driver of Arctic sea-ice loss in our experiments.
机译：最近大西洋和太平洋热量运输的增加导致北极海冰面积和体积减少。随着海洋驾驶海冰损失的各个贡献仍然不确定，我们的研究探讨了这一点。我们使用EC-Earth3耦合全球气候模型，进行不同的敏感性实验，以获得海洋热运输与北极海冰之间关系的见解。在这些模型实验中，海面温度在北大西洋和北太平洋和北太平洋的不同地区具有不同的变暖水平。所有实验导致海洋热量增强，从而降低了北极海冰面积和体积。我们展示了海面温度越来越宽的域，变暖水平越大，海洋热运输的增加越大，北极海冰面积和体积的减少越大。我们还发现，对于相同数量的海洋热量运输，与北太平洋施加的海面温度升高时，北极海冰区和体积的减少更强。这是由北大西洋在太平洋实验中的白血动海峡和大气变暖的下盐水解释。最后，我们发现海冰损失主要是由于沿海冰边缘的基础生长减少，中央北极地区的基础熔体增强。这证实海洋热量运输是我们实验中北极海冰损失的主要驱动因素。

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