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首页> 外文期刊>Climate Policy >Fairness in the climate negotiations: what explains variation in parties' expressed conceptions?
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Fairness in the climate negotiations: what explains variation in parties' expressed conceptions?

机译：气候谈判中的公平：是什么解释了当事方表达的观念的差异？

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How to differentiate efforts and obligations fairly between countries has been among the most central and controversial issues in climate negotiations. This article analyses countries' fairness conceptions as expressed in position documents submitted during negotiations leading to the Paris Agreement. A regression analysis investigates which country characteristics predict relative support for three fundamental fairness principles - Responsibility, Capability and Rights (needs). The most consistent and important explanatory variable turns out to be whether a country is included in Annex I to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which lists developed countries. This finding is compatible with the hypothesis that parties invoke fairness principles with the goal of advancing their own interests: non-Annex I parties wanted this particular scheme of differentiation to be upheld in the Paris Agreement, whereas Annex I parties advocated its removal. Notably, the outcome in Paris omits references to Annex I. However, the Agreement does contain multiple references to developed' versus developing' countries, hence introducing a more subtle and ambiguous differentiation than before. Post-Paris, seemingly technical discussions have encountered roadblocks' that partially derive from how the Agreement resolved the issue of differentiation between developed and developing countries. It therefore appears that negotiators will have to continue to deal with this issue, even though it may take on a new dynamic now that the Annex I division has less force. Looking for pragmatic solutions tailored to each substantive agenda point will be likely more fruitful than discussions at the level of fairness principles aiming for one overarching solution.Policy relevanceArguments supported by reference to fairness principles play an important role in the discourse on international climate cooperation. Understanding how fairness conceptions vary between countries - and what background variables explain this variation - is crucial for understanding the negotiation process and outcomes, and for identifying which institutional arrangements are universally acceptable. This understanding is particularly relevant for current negotiations on the modalities for the global stocktake' - a process set up to assess collective progress every five years in the light of equity and best available science'.
机译：如何在国家之间公平地区分努力和义务已成为气候谈判中最核心和最具争议的问题。本文分析了在达成《巴黎协定》的谈判期间提交的立场文件中表达的国家公平概念。回归分析调查了哪些国家特征预测了对三个基本公平原则（责任，能力和权利（需求））的相对支持。事实证明，最一致和最重要的解释变量是一个国家是否被列入列出了发达国家的《联合国气候变化框架公约》（UNFCCC）附件一。这一发现与以下假设相吻合：各方以促进自身利益为目标援引公平原则：非附件一缔约方希望在《巴黎协定》中坚持这一特殊的区分方案，而附件一缔约方则主张废除该协定。值得注意的是，巴黎的结果忽略了对附件一的提及。但是，该协议确实包含了对发达国家与发展中国家的多次提及，因此比以前引入了更加微妙和歧义的区别。巴黎后，看似技术性的讨论遇到了障碍，这些障碍部分源于《协定》如何解决发达国家与发展中国家之间的差异问题。因此，尽管附件一部门的力量有所减弱，但谈判者似乎仍将继续处理这一问题，尽管它可能呈现出新的态势。寻找针对每个实质性议程问题的务实解决方案，可能比针对旨在寻求总体解决方案的公平原则一级的讨论更有成果。政策相关性引用公平性原则支持的论点在国际气候合作讨论中发挥着重要作用。了解不同国家之间的公平观念如何变化，以及哪些背景变量解释了这种变化，对于理解谈判过程和结果以及确定哪种制度安排是普遍可接受的至关重要。这种理解与当前有关全球盘存方式的谈判特别相关”，该过程旨在根据公平和最佳科学来每五年评估一次集体进步。”

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