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Future climate in the Pacific Northwest

机译:西北太平洋地区的未来气候

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摘要

Climate models used in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) on the whole reproduce the observed seasonal cycle and twentieth century warming trend of 0.8°C (1.5°F) in the Pacific Northwest, and point to much greater warming for the next century. These models project increases in annual temperature of, on average, 1.1°C (2.0°F) by the 2020s, 1.8°C (3.2°F) by the 2040s, and 3.0°C (5.3°F) by the 2080s, compared with the average from 1970 to 1999, averaged across all climate models. Rates of warming range from 0.1°C to 0.6°C (0.2°F to 1.0°F) per decade. Projected changes in annual precipitation, averaged over all models, are small (+1% to +2%), but some models project an enhanced seasonal cycle with changes toward wetter autumns and winters and drier summers. Changes in nearshore sea surface temperatures, though smaller than on land, are likely to substantially exceed interannual variability, but coastal upwelling changes little. Rates of twenty-first century sea level rise will depend on poorly known factors like ice sheet instability in Greenland and Antarctica, and could be as low as twentieth century values (20 cm, 8″) or as large as 1.3 m (50″).
机译:政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)第四次评估报告(AR4)所使用的气候模型总体上再现了西北太平洋观测到的季节性周期和20世纪0.8°C(1.5°F)的变暖趋势,并指出了很多下个世纪的升温。这些模型预测,到2020年代,年平均温度将平均升高1.1°C(2.0°F),到2040年代将达到1.8°C(3.2°F),到2080年代将达到3.0°C(5.3°F)。所有气候模式的平均值为1970年至1999年。每十年升温速率范围从0.1°C到0.6°C(0.2°F到1.0°F)。在所有模型中,预计的平均年降水量变化很小(+ 1%至+ 2%),但是某些模型预测,随着秋季,冬季和夏季干燥的变化,季节周期将增强。尽管近海海表温度的变化小于陆地上的变化,但可能会大大超过年际变化,但沿海上升流的变化很小。二十一世纪海平面上升的速度将取决于鲜为人知的因素,例如格陵兰和南极洲的冰盖不稳定,可能低至二十世纪的值(20厘米,8 '')或大为1.3 m(50 '')。

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