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Water chemical changes along a latitudinal gradient in relation to climate and atmospheric deposition

机译：与气候和大气沉积有关的水化学物质沿纬度梯度变化

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Evaluating trends over time (nonparametric Mann–Kendall test) for 18 water chemical variables from 79 reference lakes, distributed all over Sweden, during spring since 1984 showed most significant trends for atmospheric deposition driven sulfate (SO4) concentrations. The decrease in SO4 concentrations was on average 2.7 times higher at lower (56°N to 59°N) than at higher latitudes (60°N to 68°N). This large difference in the rate of change between lower and higher latitudes could not solely be explained by atmospheric deposition as the rates of change in SO4 wet deposition differed by a factor of only 1.5 between lower and higher latitudes. Significantly higher rates of change at lower than at higher latitudes are known from the timing of lake ice breakup, a typical climate change indicator. The rates of change in the timing of lake ice breakup differed by a factor of 2.3 between lower and higher latitudes. Other water chemical variables showing significantly higher rates of change at lower than at higher latitudes were water color (a factor of 3.5), calcium (a factor of 2.9), magnesium (a factor of 5.5) and conductivity (a factor of 5.9). The rates of change of all these variables were strongly related to the rates of change in the timing of lake ice breakup along a latitudinal gradient (R 2 = 0.41–0.78, p < 0.05), suggesting that climatic changes can accelerate atmospheric driven changes at especially lower latitudes. This acceleration will result in more heterogeneous lake ecosystems along a latitudinal gradient.
机译：自1984年春季以来，对分布在瑞典各地的79个参考湖泊中18种水化学变量随时间的趋势进行了评估（非参数Mann–Kendall检验），显示出大气沉降驱动的硫酸盐（SO 4 ）的最显着趋势。浓度。在较低的纬度（56°N至59°N）下，SO 4 浓度的降低平均比在较高的纬度（60°N至68°N）上高2.7倍。 SO 4 湿沉降变化率在下纬度和高纬度之间仅相差1.5倍，因此高纬度和低纬度变化率的巨大差异不能仅由大气沉积来解释。 。从典型的气候变化指标湖冰破裂的时间可以知道，低纬度地区的变化率明显高于高纬度地区。在低纬度和高纬度之间，湖冰破裂时间的变化率相差2.3倍。在较低纬度处表现出比在高纬度处高得多的变化的其他水化学变量是水的颜色（系数为3.5），钙（系数为2.9），镁（系数为5.5）和电导率（系数为5.9）。所有这些变量的变化率均与湖冰破裂时间沿纬度梯度的变化率密切相关（R 2 = 0.41–0.78，p <0.05），表明气候变化可以加速由大气驱动的变化，尤其是在低纬度地区。这种加速将导致沿着纬度梯度的湖泊生态系统更加多样化。

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