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The climate of Namaqualand in the nineteenth century

机译:十九世纪纳马夸兰的气候

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摘要

Southern African climatic change research is hampered by a lack of long-term historical data sets. This paper aims to extend the historical climate record for southern Africa to the semi-arid area of Namaqualand in the Northern Cape province of South Africa. This is achieved through extensive archival research, making use of historical documentary sources such as missionary journals and letters, traveller’s writings and government reports and letters. References to precipitation and other climatic conditions have been extracted and categorised, providing a proxy precipitation data set for Namaqualand for the nineteenth century. Notwithstanding problems of data accuracy and interpretation the reconstruction enables the detection of severe and extreme periods. Measured meteorological data, available from the late 1870s, was compared to the data set derived from documentary sources in order to ascertain the accuracy of the data set and monthly rainfall data has been used to identify seasonal anomalies. Confidence ratings on derived dry and wet periods, where appropriate, have been assigned to each year. The study extends the geographical area of existing research and extracts the major periods of drought and climatic stress, from the growing body of historical climate research. The most widespread drought periods affecting the southern and eastern Cape, Namaqualand and the Kalahari were 1820–1821; 1825–1827; 1834; 1861–1862; 1874–1875; 1880–1883 and 1894–1896. Finally, a possible correspondence is suggested between some of the widespread droughts and the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO).
机译:缺乏长期历史数据集阻碍了南部非洲的气候变化研究。本文旨在将南部非洲的历史气候记录扩展到南非北开普省纳马夸兰州的半干旱地区。这是通过广泛的档案研究来实现的,其中利用了历史文献资料,例如传教杂志和信件,旅行者的著作以及政府报告和信件。已提取和分类了有关降水和其他气候条件的参考资料,为19世纪的纳马夸兰提供了一个替代性的降水数据集。尽管存在数据准确性和解释方面的问题,但重构仍可以检测到严重时段和极端时段。为了确定数据集的准确性,将1870年代后期以来获得的实测气象数据与来自文献来源的数据集进行了比较,并使用月降雨量数据来确定季节异常。每年对派生的干燥和潮湿时期的可信度进行评估。该研究扩展了现有研究的地理范围,并从不断增长的历史气候研究中提取了干旱和气候胁迫的主要时期。影响南部和东部开普敦,纳马夸兰和卡拉哈里的最普遍的干旱时期是1820年-1821年; 1825–1827; 1834年; 1861–1862; 1874年至1875年; 1880–1883和1894–1896。最后,建议在某些普遍干旱与厄尔尼诺南方涛动(ENSO)之间可能存在对应关系。

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  • 来源
    《Climatic Change》 |2007年第3期|357-380|共24页
  • 作者

    Clare Kelso; Coleen Vogel;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Geography and Environmental Management University of Johannesburg Private Bag 524 Auckland Park 2006 Johannesburg South Africa;

    School of Geography and Environmental Studies University of the Witwatersrand Johannesburg P Bag 3 2050 South Africa;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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