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Modeling Global Climate–Vegetation Interactions in a Doubled CO2 World

机译：在CO2倍增的世界中模拟全球气候与植被的相互作用

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A coupled global vegetation–climate model is used to investigatethe effects of vegetation feedbacks on climate change due to doubling atmospheric CO2. The Equilibrium Vegetation Ecology model (EVE)simulates global terrestrial vegetation and is designed for interactive coupling with climate models. Terrestrial vegetation is resolved into110 plant life forms, which represent groups of species with similar physiognomic characteristics and migrational responses to climate change,thus preserving the spatial integrity of each life-form distribution as climate changes. EVE generates a quantitative description of plant community structure definedby total vegetation cover and the fractional covers of life formsas a function of climate. The equilibrium distribution of each life form is predicted from monthly mean temperature, precipitation, and relative humidity,based on observed correlations with the present climate.The fractional covers of the life forms at each site are determined by parameterizations of dynamic ecological processes: competition for sunlight, disturbances by fire and treefall. A second model (LEAF) simulates the seasonal phenology of EVE's plant canopies, driven by the daily climate at each location, and provides the physical quantities needed for coupling vegetation and climate models.Two pairs of coupled EVE-GCM simulations are described, both with 1× and 2×CO2:the first with prescribed fixed vegetation, and the other with fully interactive vegetation. Large effects of vegetation feedbacks in the interactive simulations are found at the northern and southern ecotones of the boreal forest. Poleward migration of boreal forests into tundra caused by warming due to elevated CO2 is enhanced by a strong snow-masking albedo feedback, consistent with earlier studies. The invasion of temperate grasslands into the southern boreal forest is also enhanced due to summer warming spreading from the north, despitethe opposing sense of the grassland-forest albedo feedback. Desertification of subtropical grasslands is mostly reversed in the interactive simulations due to enhanced monsoonal precipitation. These interactions and other climate and plant community changes caused by climate-vegetation feedbacks are discussed on a regional basis.
机译：利用全球植被-气候耦合模型研究了大气CO2增加一倍引起的植被反馈对气候变化的影响。平衡植被生态模型（EVE）模拟全球陆生植被，旨在与气候模型进行交互耦合。陆地植被被分解为110种植物生命形式，代表着具有相似的生理学特征和对气候变化的迁移响应的物种组，从而在气候变化时保持了每种生命形式分布的空间完整性。 EVE生成了对植物群落结构的定量描述，该植被群落结构由总植被覆盖度和生命形式的分数覆盖度随气候而定。根据观测到的与当前气候的相关性，根据月平均温度，降水量和相对湿度来预测每种生命形式的平衡分布。通过动态生态过程的参数化来确定每个地点的生命形式的分数覆盖率：阳光，火和树木的干扰。第二个模型（LEAF）在每个位置的每日气候驱动下模拟EVE的植物冠层的季节性物候，并提供了耦合植被和气候模型所需的物理量。描述了两对耦合的EVE-GCM模拟，两者1×和2×CO2 ：第一个具有规定的固定植被，另一个具有完全互动的植被。交互模拟中植被反馈的影响很大，位于北方森林的北部和南部过渡带。强烈的雪掩盖反照率反馈增强了因二氧化碳升高引起的变暖导致的北方森林向苔原的极度迁移，这与早期研究一致。尽管夏季对北方森林的反照感觉相反，但由于夏季变暖从北部蔓延，温带草原对南部北方森林的入侵也有所增加。由于季风降水的增加，亚热带草原的荒漠化在互动模拟中大体上得以逆转。这些互动以及气候植被反馈引起的其他气候和植物群落变化将在区域范围内进行讨论。

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