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Variations of East African Climate during the Past Two Centuries

机译：过去两个世纪中东非气候的变化

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摘要

The evidence on the climatic history of East Africa over the past two centuries comprises historical accounts of lake levels, observations and analyses of glacier variations, wind and current observations in the Indian Ocean, as well as raingauge measurements. East Africa experiences its rainy seasons in boreal spring and autumn, centered around April–May and October–November; the spring rains being more abundant and the autumn rains more variable. Rains tend to be abundant/deficient with slow/fast westerlies (UEQ) and Eastward Equatorial Jet (EEJ) in the upper hydrosphere of the equatorial Indian Ocean. A drastic climatic dislocation took place during the last two decades of the l9th century, manifest in a drop of lake levels, onset of glacier recession, and acceleration of UEQ and EEJ. The decades immediately preceding 1880 featured high lake stands, extensive glaciation, and slow UEQ and EEJ, as compared to the 20th century. The onset of glacier recession in East Africa after 1880 contrasts with a start of ice shrinkage in New Guinea and the Ecuadorian Andes around the middle of the l9th century. The regional circulation regime characterized by slow UEQ and EEJ in the decades prior to 1880 was conducive to extensive ice cover along with high lake stands in East Africa, and this may account for the onset of glacier recession much later than in the other mountain regions of the equatorial zone. The evolution of East African climate over the first half of the l9th century merits further exploration.
机译：关于过去两个世纪中东非气候历史的证据包括湖泊水位的历史记录，冰川变化的观测和分析，印度洋的风和当前观测以及雨量计的测量。东非在四月至五月和十月至十一月的春季和秋季处于雨季。春季雨水多，秋季雨水多。赤道印度洋上水圈的降雨往往充沛/不足，而慢/快西风（UEQ）和东赤道急流（EEJ）。在19世纪最后20年间发生了剧烈的气候混乱，表现为湖泊水位下降，冰川衰退开始以及UEQ和EEJ加速。与20世纪相比，紧接在1880年之前的几十年中，湖泊高耸，冰川融化，UEQ和EEJ缓慢。 1880年后东非的冰川衰退开始与新世纪几内亚和厄瓜多尔安第斯山脉在19世纪中叶开始出现冰雪萎缩形成鲜明对比。在1880年之前的几十年中，以UEQ和EEJ缓慢为特征的区域环流机制有利于东非广泛的冰盖和高耸的湖泊，这可能导致冰川衰退的发生要比其他非洲山区晚得多。赤道带。 19世纪上半叶，东非气候的演变值得进一步探索。

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  • 来源
    《Climatic Change》 |2001年第2期|209-217|共9页
  • 作者

    Stefan Hastenrath;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Wisconsin-Madison;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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