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首页> 外文期刊>Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review >Integrating Etiological Models of Social Anxiety and Depression in Youth: Evidence for a Cumulative Interpersonal Risk Model
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Integrating Etiological Models of Social Anxiety and Depression in Youth: Evidence for a Cumulative Interpersonal Risk Model

机译：整合青少年社交焦虑和抑郁的病因模型：累积人际风险模型的证据

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Models of social anxiety and depression in youth have been developed separately, and they contain similar etiological influences. Given the high comorbidity of social anxiety and depression, we examine whether the posited etiological constructs are a correlate of, or a risk factor for, social anxiety and/or depression at the symptom level and the diagnostic level. We find core risk factors of temperament, genetics, and parent psychopathology (i.e., depression and anxiety) are neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of social anxiety and/or depression. Instead, aspects of children’s relationships with parents and/or peers either mediates (i.e., explains) or moderates (i.e., interacts with) these core risks being related to social anxiety and/or depression. We then examine various parent- and peer-related constructs contained in the separate models of social anxiety and depression (i.e., parent–child attachment, parenting, social skill deficits, peer acceptance and rejection, peer victimization, friendships, and loneliness). Throughout our review, we report evidence for a Cumulative Interpersonal Risk model that incorporates both core risk factors and specific interpersonal risk factors. Most studies fail to consider comorbidity, thus little is known about the specificity of these various constructs to depression and/or social anxiety. However, we identify shared, differential, and cumulative risks, correlates, consequences, and protective factors. We then put forth demonstrated pathways for the development of depression, social anxiety, and their comorbidity. Implications for understanding comorbidity are highlighted throughout, as are theoretical and research directions for developing and refining models of social anxiety, depression, and their comorbidity. Prevention and treatment implications are also noted.
机译：年轻人的社交焦虑和抑郁模型已经分别开发，并且包含相似的病因学影响。考虑到社交焦虑症和抑郁症的高合并症，我们在症状水平和诊断水平上检查所提出的病因结构是否与社交焦虑症和/或抑郁症相关或成为其危险因素。我们发现，气质，遗传和父母心理病理学（即抑郁和焦虑）的核心风险因素对于社交焦虑和/或抑郁的发展既不是必需的也不是足够的。取而代之的是，孩子与父母和/或同伴的关系的某些方面会介导（即解释）或适度（即与之互动）与社交焦虑和/或抑郁有关的这些核心风险。然后，我们研究了社交焦虑和抑郁的单独模型中所包含的各种与父母和同伴有关的构造（即，亲子依恋，养育子女，社交技能缺陷，同伴接受和拒绝，同伴受害，友谊和孤独感）。在整个审查过程中，我们报告了包含核心风险因素和特定人际风险因素的累积人际风险模型的证据。大多数研究都没有考虑合并症，因此对这些不同结构对抑郁症和/或社交焦虑症的特异性了解甚少。但是，我们确定了共同的，不同的和累积的风险，相关性，后果和保护因素。然后，我们提出了抑郁症，社交焦虑症及其合并症的发展途径。整个过程突出了理解合并症的含义，以及开发和完善社交焦虑症，抑郁症及其合并症模型的理论和研究方向。还指出了预防和治疗的意义。

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