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Markers of Topical Discourse in Child-Directed Speech

机译：面向儿童的演讲中的主题话语标记

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AbstractAlthough the language we encounter is typically embedded in rich discourse contexts, many existing models of processing focus largely on phenomena that occur sentence-internally. Similarly, most work on children's language learning does not consider how information can accumulate as a discourse progresses. Research in pragmatics, however, points to ways in which each subsequent utterance provides new opportunities for listeners to infer speaker meaning. Such inferences allow the listener to build up a representation of the speakers' intended topic and more generally to identify relationships, structures, and messages that extend across multiple utterances. We address this issue by analyzing a video corpus of child–caregiver interactions. We use topic continuity as an index of discourse structure, examining how caregivers introduce and discuss objects across utterances. For the analysis, utterances are grouped into topical discourse sequences using three annotation strategies: raw annotations of speakers' referents, the output of a model that groups utterances based on those annotations, and the judgments of human coders. We analyze how the lexical, syntactic, and social properties of caregiver–child interaction change over the course of a sequence of topically related utterances. Our findings suggest that many cues used to signal topicality in adult discourse are also available in child-directed speech.
机译：摘要尽管我们遇到的语言通常嵌入在丰富的语境中，但许多现有的处理模型主要集中在句子内部发生的现象。同样，有关儿童语言学习的大多数工作都没有考虑到话语进行过程中如何积累信息。然而，对语用学的研究指出了随后的每一次发声为听众推断出说话者含义提供了新机会的方式。这样的推论允许收听者建立演讲者预期主题的表示，更一般地，它可以识别跨越多种话语的关系，结构和消息。我们通过分析儿童与照顾者互动的视频语料库来解决这个问题。我们使用主题连续性作为话语结构的指标，研究看护者如何跨语音介绍和讨论对象。为了进行分析，使用三种注释策略将话语分组为主题话语序列：说话者所指对象的原始注解，基于这些注解对话语进行分组的模型的输出以及人类编码人员的判断。我们分析了照顾者与儿童互动的词汇，句法和社会属性如何在一系列局部相关的话语过程中发生变化。我们的研究结果表明，在面向儿童的语音中也可以使用许多暗示成人话题中话题性的线索。

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