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The Space–Time Congruency Effect: A Meta-Analysis

机译：时空一致性效应的Meta分析

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摘要

Several reaction time (RT) studies report faster responses when responses to temporal information are arranged in a spatially congruent manner than when this arrangement is incongruent. The resulting space-time congruency effect is commonly attributed to a culturally salient localization of temporal information along a mental timeline (e.g., a mental timeline that runs from left to right). The present study aims to provide a compilation of the published RT studies on this time-space association in order to estimate the size of its effect and the extent of potential publication bias in this field of research. In this meta-analysis, three types of task are distinguished due to hitherto existing empirical findings. These findings suggest that the extent to which time is made relevant to the experimental task has a systematic impact on whether or not the mental timeline is activated. The results of this meta-analysis corroborate these considerations: First, experiments that make time a task-relevant dimension have a mean effect size of d = 0.46. Second, in experiments in which time is task irrelevant, the effect size does not significantly deviate from zero. Third, temporal priming studies have a surprisingly high mean effect size of d = 0.47, which, however, should be adjusted to d = 0.36 due to publication bias.
机译：几项反应时间（RT）研究报告，当对时间信息的响应以空间一致的方式排列时，响应速度比不一致的情况下更快。产生的时空一致性效应通常归因于沿着心理时间轴（例如，从左到右延伸的心理时间轴）上时间信息在文化上的显着定位。本研究旨在提供有关该时空关联的已发表RT研究的汇编，以估计其影响的大小以及该研究领域中潜在的发表偏见的程度。在本荟萃分析中，由于迄今为止已有的经验发现，区分了三种类型的任务。这些发现表明，与实验任务相关的时间长短对是否激活心理时间线有系统的影响。荟萃分析的结果证实了以下考虑：首先，使时间成为与任务相关的维度的实验的平均影响大小为d = 0.46。第二，在与时间无关的实验中，效果大小不会明显偏离零。第三，时间启动研究的平均效应大小令人惊讶地高，d = 0.47，但是由于出版偏倚，应将其调整为d = 0.36。

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