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Developmental Timescale of Rapid Adaptation to Conflicting Cues in Real-Time Sentence Processing

机译：实时句子处理中快速适应冲突线索的发展时标

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摘要

Children and adults use established global knowledge to generate real-time linguistic predictions, but less is known about how listeners generate predictions in circumstances that semantically conflict with long-standing event knowledge. We explore these issues in adults and 5- to 10-year-old children using an eye-tracked sentence comprehension task that tests real-time activation of unexpected events that had been previously encountered in brief stories. Adults generated predictions for these previously unexpected events based on these discourse cues alone, whereas children overall did not override their established global knowledge to generate expectations for semantically conflicting material; however, they do show an increased ability to integrate discourse cues to generate appropriate predictions for sentential endings. These results indicate that the ability to rapidly integrate and deploy semantically conflicting knowledge has a long developmental trajectory, with adult-like patterns not emerging until later in childhood.
机译：儿童和成人使用已建立的全球知识来生成实时语言预测，但对于在语义上与长期事件知识冲突的情况下，听众如何生成预测知之甚少。我们使用眼睛跟踪的句子理解任务来测试成年人和5至10岁的孩子中的这些问题，该任务测试实时激活先前在简短故事中遇到的意外事件。成人仅根据这些话语线索就可以预测这些先前未曾预料到的事件，而儿童总体上并没有超越他们已建立的全球知识来产生对语义冲突材料的期望。但是，它们确实显示出增强的整合话语提示能力的能力，从而可以针对句子的结尾生成适当的预测。这些结果表明，快速整合和部署语义冲突的知识的能力具有很长的发展轨迹，直到儿童期才出现类似成人的模式。

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