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Cognitive Offloading: Structuring the Environment to Improve Children’s Working Memory Task Performance

机译：认知卸载：构建环境，以提高儿童的工作记忆任务性能

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摘要

Research has shown that adults can engage in cognitive offloading, whereby internal processes are offloaded onto the environment to help task performance. Here, we investigate an application of this approach with children, in particular children with poor working memory. Participants were required to remember and recall sequences of colors by placing colored blocks in the correct serial order. In one condition the blocks were arranged to facilitate cognitive offloading (i.e., grouped by color), whereas in the other condition they were arranged randomly. Across two experiments (total N = 166) the ordered condition improved task performance for children with low working memory ability. In addition, participants in Experiment 2 rated the difficulty of the two arrangements and performed a further condition in which they were given an opportunity to freely arrange the blocks before completing the task. Despite performing better in the ordered condition, children with low working memory ability did not rate the ordered arrangement as easier, nor did they choose an ordered arrangement when given the opportunity to do so. This research shows that cognitive offloading can also be a useful process in populations other than typical adults, and the implications of this work for supporting children with poor working memory are discussed.
机译：研究表明，成年人可以从事认知卸载，由此内部流程卸载到环境中以帮助任务性能。在这里，我们调查这种方法与儿童的应用，特别是具有差的工作记忆力的儿童。需要参与者记住并通过将彩色块放置在正确的序列顺序中来记住和召回颜色序列。在一个条件下，该块被安排成促进认知卸载（即，通过颜色分组），而在其他条件下，它们随机排列。在两个实验中（总N = 166），订购条件改善了具有低工作内存能力的儿童的任务性能。此外，实验中的参与者2评为两种安排的难度，并进行了进一步的条件，在完成任务之前，他们被赋予了自由排列块的机会。尽管在有序条件下表现得更好，但工作记忆力低的儿童并没有更轻松地评价有序安排，也没有选择有机会这样做的订购安排。本研究表明，讨论了认知卸载也可以是典型成年人以外的群体的有用过程，并讨论了这项工作对支持差的工作记忆差的儿童的影响。

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